| ObjectiveA cross-sectional survey is performed for exploring epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors of arrhythmia in the middle-aged population of age over 50 years in urban region of Gejiu City, Yunnan.MethodsIn the period of Jan,2016 to Sep,2016, we considered the permanent residents of age over 50 years in Gejiu urban region, Yunnan as the study subject, and 3108 samples from 3 communities of Jian-she, Sheng-li and Xin-jie were selected randomly by the method of telephone booking and community promotion. The grouping were performed by gender (male;female) or by age stratification (50?59; 60 -69; ? 70). Field investigation included face to face questionnaire, blood collection, electrocardiographic examination and blood pressure measurement. The contents of questionnaire survey were that: (1) General conditions (name,gender,age,nationality); (2) Past medical history (coronary heart disease,hypertension,diabetes,thyroid disease, sleep apnea syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke);(3) Personal habits (smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking tea); (4) Family medical history.Detection of serum biochemistry was performed after blood samples were collected (alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose, serum potassium). Electrocardiogram: 12 lead synchronous electrocardiogram,testing time is not less than one minute. Blood pressure measurement: each one is measured by two times at a quiet resting position,an interval of 15 minutes, using the lower measurement value among two times. The data of field investigation was analyzed by statistical methods. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the results, quantitative data were expressed as mean plus standard deviation. The count data is expressed by the actual frequency and percentage (%),x 2 test was used to compare the difference between two groups, and affecting factors of arrhythmia was analyzed by single factor Logistic regression, affecting factors were screened for further multiple factor Logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as the standard of statistical significance.Results1. A total of 3108 sample was collected, of which is 990 male and 2118 female, and 534 arrhythmia patients were found and indicated the incidence rate of 17.2%, of which were 214 male and 320 female, the incidence rate of arrhythmia in male and female were 21.6% and 15.1%, the difference is statistical significant (P < 0.05).2. Age of the sample was stratified and showed the population in the group of age between 50 and 59 is 1693, 262 arrhythmia cases was found and the incidence rate is 15.5%; the population in the group of age between 60 and 69 is 976, 171 arrhythmia cases was found and the incidence rate is 17.5%; the population in the group of age over 70 years is 439, 101 arrhythmia cases was found and the incidence rate is 23.0%. With the increase of age, the prevalence rate of arrhythmia showing an increased trend, the difference is statistical significant (P < 0.05).3. Among the types of found arrhythmia patients, the most common type of arrhythmia was sinus bradycardia (277, incidence rate of 8.91%, accounting for 51.9%); followed by intraventricular block (89, incidence rate of 2.86%, accounting for 16.7%), Atrial premature beat (47,the incidence of 1.51%, accounting for 8.80%), premature ventricular and atrioventricular block (42 cases respectively, the incidence of 1.35%, accounting for 7.87%); a lower incidence of sinus tachycardia (18, incidence rate of 0.58%, accounting for of 3.37%),atrial fibrillation (10, the incidence of 0.32%, accounting for 1.87%), early repolarization syndrome (5, the incidence of 0.16%, accounting for 0.94%), preexcitation syndrome (4, the incidence of 0.13%, accounting for 0.75%).4. Single-factor analysis: Univariate analysis of Logistic regression showed Thyroid disease1,sleep apnea syndrome (snoring)2, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease3, alcohol consumption4, LDL-elevation5, HDL-lower6, hypokalemia7 and men8, age9 were associated with the incidence of arrhythmia (Wals' ?2 test, P < 0.05), the values of OR(odds ratio) were that OR1=8.15; OR2=2.56; OR3=1.84; OR4=1.41 ; OR5=1.34; OR6=1.29; OR7=1.45; OR8=1.55;OR9=1.63, respectively. While other factors such as hypertension, coronary heart disease,diabetes, triglyceride, ALT, y-GT levels and smoking, tea drinking were no significant associated with arrhythmia (P > 0.05).5.Multi-factors Logistic regression analysis: The statistical significant factors in Single-factor analysis were further analyzed for Multi-factors Logistic regression, gender and age were consid(ered as the confounding factors and were adjusted (A) in Logistic regression equation:Thyroid disease (A-OR=8.18 ); sleep apnea syndrome (A-OR=2.62) ; alcohol consumption(A-OR= 1.39), elevated level in LDL (A-OR= 1.33),HDL-lower (A-OR= 1.32),low blood potassium ( A-OR=1.52), leading to an increased risk of arrhythmia, which were considered as the independent risk factors of arrhythmia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed a significant association with the occurrence of arrhythmia in single factor Logistic regression,while the significant association was not found in multi-factors Logistic regression.Conclusion1. Age is a risk factor for arrhythmia, and the risk of arrhythmia increases with age.2. The incidence of arrhythmia in men is higher than that in women.3. Sinus bradycardia is the major type of arrhythmia in the elderly population.4.Thyroid disease, sleep apnea syndrome, alcohol consumption, elevated level in LDL,HDL-lower and hypokalemia were considered as the independent risk factors of arrhythmia. |
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