| ObjectivesBy sampling and monitoring various kinds of food in supermarkets, opening markets, morning markets, and retail shops in Qingdao, this study summarized and analyzed the contents of chemical contamination factors and harmful factors.1?To make clear the situation of chemical contamination of food in Qingdao,and to assess the safety condition of the food.2?Moreover, this paper located and eliminated the sources of harmful factors and found out hidden dangers existing in the process of food production or consumption. The results of this study not only provided solid data to support the food hazard assessment and hazard early warning, but also provided proof for the modification of food safety standard.3?Another, it showed the strength of food production companies to control contamination and to revise food safety standards, which provided more effective supervision measures and directions to protect the food safety and health for the people in Qingdao.MethodsIn 2014,630 samples of 13 categories were collected randomly and examined, including milk and dairy products, grains, vegetables, fruits, seafoods (fish, mollusks, crustaceans), wines, beans and bean products, vegetable oils, nuts, meat and its products, infant foods, drinks, and dining car foods. According to the standard methods written in the "National plan manual for the monitoring of food contamination and hazard factors 2014", we tested the content of heavy metals(nickel, cadmium, chromium, total arsenic and mercury,copper), pesticide residues (organophosphate and carbamate strain), food additives(lemon yellow, sunset yellow, amaranth, carmine red, light blue,temptation, benzoic acid and sorbic acid, saccharin sodium, cyclamate, sulfur dioxide, dehydroacetic acid and aluminum),illegal additives and illicit drugs (indole butyric acid and indole acetic acid and clenbuterol), fungal toxins (corn gibberellic ketene and aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2).According to the current state of all kinds of effective national food safety standardsjudge the results wether they are qualified or not. As long as there is one test item unqualified, the sample is judged to be unqualified. Then master the status of exceeding standard of all kinds of foods in Qingdao. At the same time, we calculated the single Pollution Index and Synthetic Pollution Index referring to the national health standard limitation, and then evalulated the situation of chemical pollution factors and harmful factors in all kinds of food of Qingdao in 2014.ResultsThere were 630 samples collected during the Qingdao food safety surveillance in 2014.The main unqualified categories of foods contaminated among 13 kinds of food included vegetable and its products, meat and meat products, cereals and their products, dining car meals. The kinds of food with the highest exceeding rate were vegetables (14.5%), dining car meals (8.1%), meat and meat products (7.3%), grains (1%). Contaminations were also found in other samples, but the amounts were limited in national health standards. The detection rate of vegetables, food and beverage, eggs and egg products, beans and soy products, nuts and seeds, wine, fruit, seafoods, grains are 100%.1?The pollution status of major chemical contamination and hazard factors were as follows:2?Monitoring of heavy metal in food. Chromium, cadmium, nickel, total mercury, arsenic, and copper were tested from 438 samples of grain, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, seafoods, nuts, beverage, eggs and its products and soy products, among which only 3 samples of vegetables exceeded the limitation of total mercury in national standards, while the rest of the samples all met the standards, and the qualified rate was 99.3%.3?Monitoring of pesticide residues in food.20 kinds of pesticide residues of 100 vegetables for organophosphorus, carbamate, polyester were tested at the same time, among which methamidophos in two samples of leek and Omethoate in one sample of leek exceed the limitation. Other samples were qualified, and the qualified rate was 97%.4?Monitoring of additives in food. The additive test results of 20 samples of grain,15 samples of grape wine,42 samples of cooked meat products,3 samples of vegetables obtain from dining car hamburgers,20 homemade drinks and 20 pasta from dining cars on preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid, sulfur dioxide), sweeteners (sodium cyclamate, saccharin sodium, Ansai honey), synthetic colorants (tartrazine, sunset yellow, blue, red, carmine, amaranth red temptation), nitrite and aluminum showed that 1 corn flour sample had lemon yellow,6 cooked meat products contained benzoic acid, nitrate in 2 hamburger vegetables and aluminum in 3 flour products exceeded the standard limitation, the other are qualified, the pass rate is 90%.5?The monitoring of illicit drugs and illegal additives in food. Insole butyric acid and Indoleacetic acid were detected in all 10 soybean sprouts and green bean sprouts, which made the detection rate 100%. Tests on clenbuterol were implemented on 30 samples on meat, and Karen Taro were found in 1 sample, making the detection rate 3.33%.6?Monitoring of mycotoxins in food. Tests on corn zeranol and Aspergillus flavus toxin of B1, B2, G1, G2 were implemented on 10 samples of flour and 20 samples of peanut oil, and mycotoxins were not found, which made the qualified rate 100%.ConclusionsThe chemical contamination level of foods sold in Qingdao in 2014 was low, most foods stay in the safe situation, when only vegetable was found to be lightly contaminated.1. Although the exceeding rate of heavy metal in food was low, its contents are in the high level, especially in the seafood which have been affected by heavy metal accumulation in a long term. The contamination level of grain affected by the soil which has been contaminated by heavy metal is in danger level, which needs to pay more attention.2. As for the pesticide residue in food (vegetables), the detection rate was not high, but it didn't mean that the farmers haven't used pesticides, only some pesticides are relatively easier to degrade, especially the organic phosphorus pesticide which will degrade slowly after spreading. Therefore, vegetable growers should be reminded that vegetables should not be sold in short time after being sprayed by pesticides. At the same time, monitoring data show that all the three samples of vegetables tested pesticide exceeding were leek, which means that it is easier for leek to attract insects.3. It is a common phenomenon to add additives in foods, especially in dining car foods and foods coming from small workshops, the owners of which are usually poorly educated and lack of healthy consciousness. On the other hand, cheap materials are used to maximize profits, and it is difficult to supervise. The illegal use of various additives has caused damage to the human health, and regulatory departments are supposed to strengthen supervision and severely punish the illegal traders.4. As for the illegal additives in food and drugs, it is not difficult to see that this phenomenon of the additives illegally added should not be ignored.10 samples of bean sprouts were detected with IBA and IAA, the detection rate was 100%, which tells us the safety status of bean sprouts sold in the market is still worrying.5. Mycotoxins were not found in all the 20 samples of peanut oil sold in Qingdao, making the pass rate 100%, so it is safe to eat for the citizens. |
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