The Research On Rural Drinking Safety Based On The Aspect Of Public Goods Theory

The southwest karst area,centered in Guizhou province,is a conc entrated area of karst landform distribution in China,Karst area is b roken,cut deeper,more underground cave,water conservation differenc e,although the rainfall is rich,water resources is abundant,but the tot al amount of water resources is not more,and because of its special soil high water,rain,more leakage,less soil and thin dry,forming spe cial engineering water shortage;The main way of fetching water in rural areas of Guizhou province is the scattered water supply of ro of catchment,river channel,shallow well and mountain forest which i s not manually treated and the way of water supply is backward;Th ere are some water quality problems in main rivers in Guizhou pro vince,the rivers with serious water quality problems mainly include Wujiang river and Qingshui river river,the main pollutants are total phosphorus and fluoride;The development of livestock and poultry i ndustry in rural areas,the disorderly discharge of industrial and agric ultural wastewater and the excessive use of pesticide chemical fertili zer,lead to the linkage pollution of surface water and shallow groun dwater,with the water pollution coming from water-borne endemic d iseases,Therefore,the problem of rural drinking water safety in Guiz hou province is highlighted by the engineering water shortage cause d by special geological landform,the conjunctive pollution of surface water and groundwater.Aiming at the problems of rural drinking water safety in Guizho u province,this paper analyzes the reasons of rural drinking water s afety problems in Guizhou province from the perspective of public goods theory,and considers the externality of various factors in rural drinking water safety is the main cause of unsafe drinking water i n rural areas.Specifically,first,the negative externality of water resour ces makes people overuse water resources,even pollute water resour ces,resulting in deterioration of water quality;Secondly,the positive e xternality of pollution prevention and pollution control,medical secur ity and drinking water supply project has caused insufficient stimula tion,Government,enterprises and private enterprises lack the enthusias m of pollution prevention and pollution prevention and provide drin king water safety engineering,leading to "government failure" and "ma rket failure";Finally,the reluctance of state-owned water enterprises a nd private water supply enterprises to access rural markets is anoth er important cause of rural drinking water insecurity.Establishing the rural drinking water safety protection mode of "government leading,department linkage and farmers participation" is a n effective way to solve the unsafe drinking water in rural areas ofGuizhou province.First,the governments at all levels must clearly d efine their supply responsibilities and supply scope according to the different levels of rural drinking water security in terms of geogra phical scope;Secondly,strengthening the government control of rural drinking water safety market,mainly reflected in two aspects,one is control of water price,another one is control of externality,the form ulation of water price must promote the implementation of "ladder w ater price" strategy based on the development of rural residents’ livin g standard and water supply enterprises,promote the rational use of rural residents water resources and the two-way development of wat er supply enterprises,external control mainly includes economic mea ns,legal means and administrative means;Finally,the implementation of rural drinking water safety of the main diversification strategy,su pply main government,private,non-profit organizations and so on.