Development And Test Of Potato Hill-drop Planter On Plastic-film

There are a lot of problems in the arid area of Northwest China,such as drought and little rain,large area of cultivated land,and no irrigation conditions.The water needed for crop growth mainly depends on the natural precipitation;the yield of crop is low,which seriously restricts the economic income of farmers.Thus,the agricultural workers have put forward the technology of film mulching cultivation in dryland,that is,to improve the soil water use efficiency and improve the growth status of crops by mulching film.There are mainly two kinds of planting patterns of potato covered with plastic film.One is to sow before mulching film,and releasing seedlings artificially after the emergence;the other is mulching film first,and then hill-drop sowing by breaking the film.Farmers are fond of the latter planting pattern because that it has a better effect on storing water and retaining soil moisture,and can avoid the burning seedling problem effectively at the same time.However,the seeding on the film is mainly based on manual operation under this kind of planting pattern,which has many disadvantages such as high labor intensity,mechanization operation difficulty and low efficiency.Therefore,this paper designs a kind of combine planting machine with function of digging hole,sowing and covering soil,in order to solve the problems of time consuming,low efficiency and so on in the potato film sowing,so as to improve the potato mechanical planting in Northwest China,liberate the rural labor,create favorable conditions to increase income for farmers.This thesis mainly studies the following aspects:(1)According to the design requirements of potato planter,determine the potato planting machine's functions needed to achieve,including digging hole,sowing and covering soil,and complete the scheme of whole machine structure design.(2)Based on the investigation and analysis of the types,functions and operation performance of the existing hill-drop mechanism,combining with the function requirement of potato hill-drop planter on the plastic-film,using the kinematics simulation and optimization analysis of parameter,a double crank-connecting rod mechanism was designed,which can complete the potato seeding operation on plastic-film well.(3)Through the analysis of the function of the lifting and covering soil device,the simulation of experimental study was carried out by using the discrete element method,and the relevant structural parameters were optimized to improve the properties of soil covering device.The optimum operating conditions of speed ratio,height of dumping soil and width of dumping soil were found to be 2.56,200 mm,and 120 mm,respectively.(4)The combination of double crank-connecting rod hill-drop mechanism and soil covering device improves the working performance of potato hill-drop planter,and provides mechanical reference for the planting pattern of the planting and covering soil artificially after mulching plastic-film.It also can improve the productivity significantly.(5)On the basis of theoretical analysis,the field experiment was carried out.The rate of no seed hill,stagger rate of film hill and hill,rate of film hill covered by soil,the qualified rate of hill distance,and the qualified rate of planting depth is 6.0%,4.9%,92.4%,88.2%,87.0%,respectively.The test results show that potato hill-drop planter developed can meet the requirements of relevant standards of key performance indicators,and complete the process of digging,sowing and covering soil simultaneously with an excellent operation effect.