| Potato is the world's fourth important food crop,following rice,wheat and corn.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is one of the main producing areas of potato in northern China,potato planting area is 14.2% of the province's total crop area,which Guyuan potato planting area is 2/3 of the province's total potato planting area.Potato has become the largest local food crop,play an important role in developing of regional economy and increase farmers' income.Due to the regional drought and uneven rainfall,in order to facilitate moisture conservation,on the basis of many years research and production practice,local agronomic experts have proposed “Potato ridging-filming-rainwater collection dich sowing”planting pattern.On the basis of knowing this pattern,around the principle of combination agricultural machinery and agronomy,this paper designed a 2CM-2 potato ridging-filming-sowing machine to adjust the planting pattern.The list is main research contents and results of this paper.(1)Depth study of Ningxia Guyuan potato planting pattern—“Potato ridging-filming-rainwater collection dich sowing”,the ridge area(rainwater collection area)and the planting area(planting belt)are separated,the ridge width is 400(or 500)mm,on both sides of ridge 50 mm diching and sowing,the planting area width is 600mm;ridge surface filmed used as rainwater collection surface;the plant space is about 300mm±30mm.Identified the overall plan for this potato planter,this planter is a hanging machine,single ridge and double line,ground wheel drive and chain-spoon type sowing.Can complete the ditching,ridging,filming and seeding 4 processes in one operation.Able to adapt planting line spacing 500 mm or 600 mm and row spacing 270mm?300mm or 330 mm.(2)Designed and calculated the key parts of the prototype,completed the virtual prototype assembly.Designed a integral ditch-ridge tool to accommodate the diching and ridging requirements and designed an asymmetric seed box to accommodate two different sowing row distances.Designed and calculated of the components such as chain-spoon type seeder and rack.Use the Pro / E software to complete all the component modeling and virtual prototyping.(3)Simulated chain spoon seeder picking process use the EDEM software,for the potato planter miss planting and repeat planting problems,from the perspective of structural improvement,a baffle is designed in the seed box and a device for agitating seeds was designed at the bottom of the box.Establishment of cut potato seed model and seeding device model in EDEM software,simulated the baffle at different positions and the agitator plate at different speed sowing process,compare sowing performance,the result is when open 300 mm is better than others.Stirring has no effect on the lifting performance.(4)Complete the prototype processing,design the field test to examine the function and seeding performance of the prototype,improve the problems reflected in the course of the experiments.The test results show that the prototype can complete the design requirements of ditching,ridging and filming,do not destroy the film.The results of sowing performance test: qualified seeding rate index is 85.03%,the repeat seeding index is 8.50% and the lapsus seeding index is6.46%.The average of line space is506.96 mm.The results are achieved agronomy and the Potato planting machine--Specifications GB/T25417-2010 related requirements. |
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