Ridging And Laminating Effects On Potato Yield And Quality

Face the low temperature of the cold and arid regions of north China and water shortageproblems, in order to alleviate the shortage of water resources situation and realize the dam areaand heat resources utilization, in2012and2013in late April and in the middle of September inzhangjiakou Zhang Bei Zhang Beixian hebei agricultural university experimental stationconducted to improve the cold and arid regions of north China planting technology and improvethe experimental study on the local water use efficiency as the core. Experiment with the potato\"edelweiss\" as the research material, respectively in Zhang Bei experimental station of sandychestnut soil and loamy meadow chestnut soil farmland, set up the culture (conventionally grown),the culture coated, ridging, ridging planting way to research the effect of four. By monitoring thesoil moisture and temperature, accumulation and distribution of NPK nutrients, starch content,growth and yield index, field investigation and laboratory experiments, systematically andcomprehensively reveal the cold and arid regions of north China under two kinds of farmland withdifferent ways of planting potato, the morphological characteristics of the growth of potato fieldsof physical factors such as soil temperature and humidity changes, the potato accumulation of drymatter and NPK nutrient accumulation and distribution characteristics, and potato qualityindicators, soluble sugar and starch potato production effect, etc.The results show that plastic mulching has obvious increase at the early stage of the potatofamily geothermal effects: on beaches, in potato before sealing ridge, the culture of coated andridging coated with the culture of0to25cm to accumulated temperature of70.51℃and75.99℃,the average equivalent of growth period extension of the3.0d and3.5d; In sand land, the potatobefore sealing ridge, the culture of coated and ridging coated with the culture of0to25cm toaccumulated temperature of41.45℃and82.39℃, the average equivalent of growth durationextension of2.0and2.0d. Plastic mulching is mainly by increasing the temperature of themorning, slow cooling in the night, so as to realize the effect of warming. On the beaches, ridgingcoated peace as the coated in early between8:00to20:00late and no film culture difference isbigger, with minimal difference between the PM’s processing. At the same time, the temperatureeffect in the film in the surface layer of soil, beaches, in the culture of coated and ridging coated inthe0to10cm average ground temperature is higher than no film culture0.60℃to3.24℃and3.24℃to4.91℃. In sand land, the culture effect of0to10cm of the average ground temperaturesignificantly higher than that without film culture0.72℃to1.91℃.Plastic mulching significantly increased the potato field water use efficiency (wue): on thebeach, the test results show that the culture of coated and ridging coated before all cansignificantly reduce the emergence of the proportion of water consumption and water consumption,increase the tuber formation and the proportion of tuber growth of water consumption, theminimum percentage of the culture before the emergence of water laminating machine, only for the culture of50.44%and13.17%, the culture of coated in tuber formation and tuber growthUSES the highest percentage of1.20and1.12times that of the culture. The culture of coated andridging laminating process, they can maintain before emergence and seedling stage0-40cm soillayer with high water storage, ridging coated with9.11mm from the culture. In2012and2013,the culture of coated and ridging laminating plant water use efficiency were higher than that of theculture, in which the culture effect of highest water use efficiency, two years were50.81kg/(hm2*mm) and68.99kg/(hm2*mm), is increased by64.65%and86.06%compared with the culture. Inthe sand to the test results show that the effect of the culture of peace for water use efficiency issignificantly higher than that of ridging and ridging laminating, of which the culture effect ofhighest water use efficiency, up to67.34kg/(hm2*mm), water use efficiency of ridging, lowest57.05kg/(hm2*mm), only84.72%of the culture effect.On beaches, in effect of treatment of emergence rate higher than the other two don’t coated,to stop the emergence of potato, the culture is the highest germination rate of86.33%, laminatingridging coated times was84.54%, the culture has the lowest52.54%, respectively, the culture ofcoated and ridging effect of60.86%and62.15%., ridging coated potato plant body at up to99.67cm, followed by the culture effect of up to94cm. Effect of treatment is higher than the other twodon’t coated, coated treatment than coated branch number more than the average3-5branch.Effect of treatment of leaf area index is higher than not coated.4kinds of processing of potato leafarea index reaches the maximum value to July27th, ridging coated> the culture effect of>ridging> the culture, were3.2,2.9,2.2,3.2, ridging coated52.4%higher than the culture.In sand land, the culture of peace for laminating emergence rate higher than the ridging andridging effect, in which the culture is the highest germination rate, at94.85%, ridging coated thelowest, at77.94%, low for16.91%. The culture of up to115.0cm, the culture of precoated timesis112.22cm., the effect of treatment of potato branch number higher than the other two kinds ofprocessing, an average1-3branches. To August7,4kinds of processing achieves the maximumleaf area, characterized by the culture of precoated> ridging coated> the culture> ridging,respectively is4.7,4.5,4.14,4.5, the culture of coated only13.8%higher compared with theridge.Potato NPK nutrient accumulation and distribution characteristics: no matter on beaches orin sand land, the concentration of nitrogen in leaf in the highest, stem times, the lowest tubers.Compared with the beach sand, p concentration in leaf, stem and tuber is always above the beachsand. But p sand dry matter production efficiency to overall lower than on beaches. Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in leaf and stem show unimodal curve, the nitrogen andpotassium tuber accumulation of has been on the rise trend, and in the land of sand performanceafter the first rise in gentle curve type. P tuber accumulation has been characterized by rising trend.Each element in the different development stages of the potato distribution proportion of variousorgans, all is the highest percentage in the early stage of the leaf, and has been declining in theproportion of leaves, there has been an upward trend in tuber in proportion.Under two soil types and different ways of planting potato characteristics: dry matteraccumulation and distribution in the shoal, authors show unimodal curve, stem has been on therise, the tuber is typical of the\"S\" type curve. In sand land, authors were unimodal curve, and stem dry weight of the same tuber is typical of the\"S\" type curve. Flat compared with sand, sand,tuber weight showed rapid weight gain period early phase, high weight gain rate, rapid weightgain characteristics of short duration, tuber weight basically completed the whole process of the\"S\" growth; And of the potato tuber weight, showed a rapid weight gain late phase, low weightgain rate, rapid weight gain duration long features, is still in the linear weight at harvest period,tuber weight has not been able to finish the whole course of\"S\" growth. On beaches, sandyground relative to the emergence of50d around the ground vegetative growth and the growth ofthe underground tubers of dry matter distribution in balance, and beaches in the application of61d (July27). And the emergence of the40d, sand, individual processing tuber accounted for theproportion of the whole plant were higher than on beaches. In addition to the culture at harvestbelt, the other three processing tuber of sand beaches are higher than the proportion of dry matter.Impact on potato yield and quality of plastic film mulching, beaches, in culture and ridginglaminating film coating can significantly improve the potato yield per plant, potato tuber yield andquality. In2012and2013, the culture effect of potato yield and tuber yield per plant were thehighest, respectively is380.96g/strain and810.44g/plant, increased by32.9%and33.9%compared with the culture, the tuber yield of11294.14kg/hm2and17458.65kg/hm2, the yieldincreased by69.2%and77.4%compared with the culture. In harvest, the starch content in theculture effect of up to81.71%, ridging coated times is80.41%, less effect of the culture of thehigh of6.34and5.04%respectively, starch production with the culture effect of highest, up to3130.75kg/hm2, less effect of the culture of1771.87kg/hm2increase76.69%. In sand land, eachdealing with no obvious difference between potato yield per plant. Tuber production to the cultureis not coated production of the highest, up to19483.65kg/hm2. The culture of coated and ridgingcoated starch content is higher than the other two don’t laminating process, including the cultureeffect of starch content as high as85.53%, ridging coated times was84.88%, higher than no effectof the culture of5.12and4.47%respectively. Starch production to the culture effect of up to3804.07kg/hm2, the culture times of3600.39kg/hm2. Through this experimental study revealsthat the potato production in bashang region to enrage resources and environment of ecologicaladaptability, and the technical effect of different water management measures, for the developmentof water saving and irrigation agriculture, to realize win-win yield and economic benefits of thepotato planting form innovation, for the area of farmland sustainable production to provide newideas and new ways.