Design And Experiment Study Of Sweet Potato Ridging And Film Covering Machine

In China, most of the sweet potato cultivation mode was ridging and film covering, the planting process generally includes soil preparation, fertilizing, spraying, ridging, laying drip irrigation, film covering, planting and other processes. Traditional sweet potato cultivation mainly rely on artificial, this mode of planting including too much working process, the work quality is difficult to reach the agronomic requirements of sweet potato cultivation with it's high labor intensity, low degree of mechanization and low working efficiency. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a kind of sweet potato ridging and film covering machine was designed on the bases of related research both domestic and abroad. In the hope of realizing the effective integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic. The design was hoped to provide a basic study for the performance improvement of sweet potato ridging and film covering machine in China. The main research results are as follows:(1) The whole machine and key parts of the sweet potato ridging and film covering machine was designed,which can finish the planting process in one time, includes soil preparation, fertilizing, spraying, ridging, laying drip irrigation, film covering, planting and other processes, solving the problem of tedious working procedure in the process of sweet potato planting. The tractor is used as the auxiliary power and the whole machine is compactly design. In order to improve the ridging quality, the double helix variable pitch cutter tilt ridging device was designed. Digital simulation technology was used for the purpose of optimizing the design of the whole machine, which greatly improve the stability, reliability and applicability of machine, and the performance test of the machine was carried out.(2) 3D solid modeling was build with the use of Solidworks, researches was made on the theoretical analysis on the ridging device and some conclusions was made, both includes the best ridging shaft speed was 332r/min, the best diameter of ridging shaft was 0.09m, the maximum turning diameter of ridging blade was 0.485m, the blades installed angle was 24°, the distance arrangement of the ridging blades on the ridging shaft was Z1=0.060m, Z2=0.090m, Z3=0.125m, Z4=0.163m, Z5=0.203m, Z6=0.248m. By the analysis, the conclusion was drawn that the ridging device is a double helix variable pitch cutter tilt ridging device.(3) Analysis on the agronomic requirements of sweet potato planting process, including fertilizing, compacting and shaping, spraying, film and soil covering, drilling holes and locating above the film, the structure of the every device was designed. The organic integration of agricultural machinery and Agronomy was achieved. The outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device was used as the fertilizing device, the anti-corrosion and wear-resistant materials was used for the purpose of improving it's operational life span; The adjustable compacting and shaping device was adopted for the sake of improving the compaction of the soil ridge; A drip tape restricting device was designed which function as a orientation device to drip tape to make sure that it located in the middle of the soil ridge and preventing the process of reversal, twisting, bending; Drilling holes and locating above the film was realized with the invention of locating device which convenience the planting process for farmers. Study on field working performance found that the operation quality of each device all meets the requirements of planting process.(4) Kinematics simulation of ridging device was carried out by the use of the analysis software of ADAMS, and came with the conclusion of the changing patterns of ridge blade trajectory curves, the width of the rest, ridging blade curves and displacement curves with different working speed. The working speed of the machine should less than 6.5 m/s and the speed ratio should bigger than 1; Non-linear dynamics simulation analysis was carried out by the use of finite element analysis software of ANSYS, the power consumption curve was drawn when soil was cut by the ridging blade and the maximum power consumption was 6.7kW. Also the cutting resistance curve was get and its maximum cutting resistance was 14000N.(5) Field performance test was carried out. The performance index of field work and the optimum operating parameters of the machine was determined. The test shows that the best working speed of the machine was 0.9 m/s, the best rotary speed of the ridging device was 332 r/min. Under the optimal combination of the parameters, the operation performance of each device can meet the related working standards. Among these, the qualification rate of ridging height was 96%, the qualification rate of width of ridging top was 92%, the qualification rate of ridging distance was 95%, all these three qualification rate meets the standard of ridging quality. The ridging device operation performance comparison test found that the ridging device operating performance is significantly higher than the ordinary ridge device. In the field experiment, the performance of the whole machine is stable and meet the working requirements of sweet potato planting requirements.