The Studies On Fruit Characters Of New Apple Varieties 'Ruiyang' And 'Ruixue'

'Ruiyang'(Malus domesticaBorkh.cv)and ‘Ruixue'(M.domesticaBorkh.cv)are new late-ripening apple varieties selected by the Northwest A&F University.In order to speed up their application,to provide technical support for high quality and efficient production,it was important to systematically study their fruit characteristics.With regards to this,'Ruiyang','Ruixue' of the early fruit dwarf trees were studied,with 'Fuji','Qinguan','Cripps Pink','Golden Delicious' and 'Orin' were used as control,in 2015 to 2016.All test materials were collected from the Northwest A&F University apple experimental station in Baishui Province,Shaanxi,China.Based on the analysis of the growth and development of fruit and the main traits of fruit on individual trees,the main technical indexes of fruit appearance and intrinsic quality of two new applecultivars were analyzed.At the same time,the effect of different harvest periods on fruit quality were studied.The main results were as follows:1.'Ruiyang' apple was a late-maturing red variety,with the following significant characteristics: 1)The fruit developing period was about 174 days.The mature period was a week earlier than 'Fuji' and 'Qinguan',fruit expansion period occurred after 85~105days after flowering(DAF).2)Its averagefruit weight was 278 g,the fruit shape index was0.86 and the fruit shape was conical.The fruit firmnesswas 7.19 Kg.cm-2,the crispness was 226 N.The fleshwas crispy.The total soluble solids was 15.10%,the titratable acid was 0.25%.The fruit wassweet,rich in flavor,close to the quality of 'Fuji'.3)The results showed that there were differences in the fruit of the individual trees,but the whole body was high and the consistency was good.4)The fruit could be easily colored without baggging,and there were no significant difference from bagged fruit and exposed peel in the fruit color,so ‘Ruiyang' apple can be cultivated without bagging.5)The harvest of fruit in different periods had a great influence on fruit quality,and the fruits of 'Ruiyang' apple in about 174 days after flowering.2.'Ruixue' apple was a late-maturing yellow variety,with the following significant characteristics: 1)The fruit developing period was about 184 days.The mature period was a week later than 'Fuji',fruit expansion period occurred after 85~105 days after flowering.2)Its averagefruit weight was 256 g,the fruit shape index was 0.92,the fruit shape was column.Fruit rust index was 11.51,the fruit surface was smooth and without fruit rust.The fruit firmness was 7.75 Kg.cm-2,the crispness was 319 N.It had a goog quality with hard and crisp texture.The total soluble solids was 15.05%,the titratable acid was 0.34%.3)Bagging could improve the appearance of fruit quality,enhance ‘Ruixue' fruit clearness and brightness.The effect of bagging on its firmness,crispness,total soluble solids,titratable acid and solid acid ratio was not significant,so ‘Ruixue' apple can be cultivated bagged.4)The results showed that the fruit of the individual tree was different,but the whole body was high and the consistency was good.5)The fruits of 'Ruixue' apple in about 184 days after flowering.3.The intrinsic quality of the 'Ruiyang' apple was similar to that of 'Fuji',its appearance quality,especially fruit coloring was better than 'Fuji',and its appearance and intrinsic quality were significantly better than 'Qinguan'.'Ruixue' apple intrinsic quality combined with parents 'Fuji' and 'Cripps Pink' advantages,but the appearance of quality was better than two yellow control varieties 'Golden Delicious' and 'Orin'.