| As a staple oil crop, rape has become the fifth large amount crop in our country. thus, the development of rape’s production has a great significance to the security of our country’s grain and oil, and mechanization is of great importance to the rape’s production. With many branches, cannot be ripped at the same time. The ripe period is short, and its pods are easy to explode, all these factors impeded our way to improve the rape’s mechanization level. The present rape-reaping is still manual-based after many years’development. Rape-harvesting mechanization level is increasing slowly.considering the before-mentioned situation and the urgent need for time to harvest in the specific rice-rape or rice-rice-rape planting mode in south of china,this article designed and developed a kind of small-sized rape windrower, aiming at promoting the rape-mechanized harvest level of our country. Concretely, this article describes studies in the following aspects:(1) On the bases of analyzing windrower current situation, and comparing pre-existing machine in our country and foreign countries, it goes further in the study of machine-sowing rape’s plants features in south area, by measuring the geometric characteristics and friction characteristics of rape plants, and that would be rape windrower’s design basis. Then the overall design of the rape windrower was been developed, the basic structure, working principle, working, process were then identified, the basic Parameters, structure Parameters and Performance Parameters were also calculated. A small caterpillar base plate was been treated as the walking device, and choose a vertical header as the working parts.(2) The main components of the rape windrower was been designed and analyzed. Designed the structure of small caterpillar base plate and determined it’s structure Parameters, the structural parameters of the lifter assembly, transportation system, and divider device etal key parts was been designed and analyzed in detail. A lifting device that could realize header’s vertical lifting was been design, and the lifting stroke has been analyzed.(3) The motion process of the rape plants was been analyzed, the relationship of header’s main motion parameters and structure parameters were finally determined, by analyzing the prerequisites of cutting smoothly, unhindered conveying and laying orderly three process, providing a theoretical direction for rape windrower’s parameters optimization. Selected single rape plants as the object, analyzed its motion condition from a natural state to laying completed phases, established the mathematical model of rape plants coordinate (x, y, z)with time (T) in each stage, through this mathematical model, the rape position and motion state at any point in time could be obtained. Which made optimal design of the rape windrower become more convenient.(4) This paper designed a test bench for cutting and laying rape, in order to explore the affected conditions of main motion parameters(conveying speed, cutter speed, and forward speed) on the windrower working quality, selected laying angle, laying angle’s uniformity, laying uniformity and rate of missed-cutting as evaluating index, a single-factor experiment has been done, and the reason was analyzed. According to result of single-factor experiment, quadratic orthogonal rotary regression experiment was been designed and done. Mathematical regression models of experiment factors with evaluation index have been established by mathematical method, and experiment factors interactions influence on evaluation index has been analyzed. Meanwhile, carried on integrated optimizing, and obtained the optimal combination:working speed 1.05m/s, cutter speed 1.35m/s, conveying speed 1.15m/s.(5) Finally, conducted a field experiment for the 4SY-2.0 self-propelled rape windrower, and results showed that the windrower could complete the works of cutting, conveying and laying well. |
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