| Emergency evacuation of civil aircraft is an important means to ensure the safety of passengers and the crew after an accident.For airplanes having a seating capacity of more than 44 passengers,the airworthiness regulation clearly requires the use of a full-scale demonstration test to demonstrate the conformity of the aircraft’s emergency evacuation capability.But the full-scale emergency evacuation test is expensive and the test participants are vulnerable to injury.Besides,the demonstration test cannot reflect the actual accident status of the aircraft.In recent years,laboratory experiment and computer model simulating the evacuation have become important means to study civil aircraft emergency evacuation.An aircraft emergency evacuation simulation model based on the analysis of experimental data was established to analyze the passengers’ behavior characteristics and evaluate the aircraft emergency evacuation bottleneck.At last,the applicability of the model to simulating the process of the aircraft emergency evacuation was verified.In terms of experimentation,laboratory experiment of civil aircraft emergency evacuation under different evacuation motivation modes and different main aisle widths was carried out.Digital image processing technology was used to track the passengers’ trajectory.The speed and density of the specific area and the evacuation time in the evacuation process were analyzed to study the behavior of evacuees.The bottleneck assessment indicator for aircraft emergency evacuation was given,and the location of the evacuation bottleneck and the reasons for its formation were analyzed.The effects of evacuation motivation modes and main aisle width on the temporal-spatial distribution of evacuees and evacuation bottleneck were revealed.In addition,all of those provide data input for computer simulation.In terms of simulation,a simulation model was established based on social force theory.To solve the problem of “disruption” in the social force model at the narrow bottleneck of the cabin,the “follow-up force” was introduced to improve the social force mechanism during congestion.Combined with the experimental trajectory data,the individual trajectory error minimum approximation method was used to re-determine the force parameter values,which improved the accuracy of the aircraft emergency evacuation simulation results.In addition,the simulation model was verified from the three levels of evacuation time,occupant speed-density distribution rule,and temporal-spatial distribution rule of evacuation bottleneck during evacuation.The results show that the aircraft emergency evacuation model is in good agreement with the experimental results,and it can simulate the passengers’ behavior characteristics during the emergency evacuation and provide a reference for the analysis and assessment of aircraft evacuation bottlenecks. |
