Research On Evacuation Behavior Of Passengers In Metro Station Based On The Social Force Model

With the rapid development of economics and cities,subway systems have been constructed in many big cities of China.It develops rapidly and already becomes an important part of public transport system because of its rapidness,efficiency,the large transportation capacity,low energy consumption,low resource occupation,and comfort.However,once nature disasters,terrorist attacks or operation failures occurred in the subway,deadly damages would be brought to operating equipment and the personnel safety,due to the peculiar building attributes—closed building space,operating characteristics and high passenger density.Thus,the domestic and international scholars pay attention to research the passenger evacuation of subway station,which contributes to the perfection of pedestrian characteristic parameters system and plays an important role in the design of subway structure and emergency plan.In this paper,we observed the behavior of pedestrians in the subway,at the same time,we get the basic parameters of pedestrian movement based on the image and video processing technology,then the simulation models with different situation based on the basic parameters are constructed.This subject has been studied and explored in the following aspects:Firstly,we choose to use the social force model as the basic model to study the pedestrian evacuation after considering the pedestrian simulation model used in the pedestrian evacuation studies.The social force model is a microscopic model,and the social force model considers both physical and motivation forces that is believed to be convenient for importing psychological and sociological factors into reference,besides,the social force model could qualitatively reproduce some self-organizing phenomena like lane formation and arching.Secondly,we collected the building structure data,video and passenger flow data and analyzed the distribution,trajectory and speed of the passengers in specific facilities such as staircase,channel and so on by using the image and video processing technology.At the same time,we observed and summed up the basic characteristics of passengers in the channels such as self-organizing phenomena.Thirdly,we used the social force model to simulate the passengers behaviors.Specifically,we simulated and analyzed how the proportion and position of alighting passengers,the ratio of the boarding and alighting passengers as well as the width of the door influence the alighting/boarding time.And we analyzed how the density of the passengers and the counter flow influence the passengers speed who are walking in channel.Meanwhile,the different scenarios of the evacuation in a specific station are simulated and analyzed to get the flow and pressure map and to find the evacuation bottleneck which offers suggestion to the evacuation guiders.Finally,summarizing the full text,then presenting the conclusion and prospect of the theory.