Research On Social Equity Of The Spatial Distribution Of Urban Basic Education Facilities

The basic education is not only the fundamental stage of talents cultivation,but also the prominent way to enhance the national cultural soft power.As the carrier of basic education development,the spatial distribution of the basic education is closely related to whether or not the government can be fair and efficient allocate the public service resources,and then influence the equal opportunities of the public.Recently,the social fairness and justice received extensive attention from the whole society,in the process of rapid urbanization,the rational distribution of basic education facilities can improve the utilization efficiency of social resources,which is the basic guarantee to realize social fairness.As the important means of future development of city,rational allocation of resources and coordinated development of the various construction projects,the urban planning is not only should obtain the maximum profit to achieve the city's rapid economic development,but also should regard the social public interest as the core value and ensure the fair public interest in education of all communities by rational allocation.The research on the fairness of public service facilities in China is still shallow,the research about education facilities mainly concentrates on the related standards,location model,service satisfaction evaluation and so on.However,the research on the relationship between the spatial distribution of facilities in the city and the distribution of social space is still in its infancy.Therefore,this paper is expected to study the social equity of basic education of our country by making reference from the theory and practice of domestic and foreign,and then enrich the evaluation method of the social equity of urban basic education facilities,meanwhile find the breakthrough point for the more efficient and reasonable allocation of public resources.As one of the five regions of Shenyang,the Shenhe district has abundant education resources and high development level of education.Since the division adjustment of 2010,the area of Shenhe district has expanded to east third ring which made this district become more diversified with both good and bad conditions.Therefore,the selection of Shenhe district has a certain representation which is of significance and value.Based on the above reasons,this paper choose the basic education as research object and based on GIS it construct social equity evaluation system of the spatial distribution of urban basic education facilities by taking Shenyang as example.And discuss the social equity and characters of the spatial distribution of urban basic education.In this paper,the social equity of the basic spatial distribution of education facilities mainly refers to the spatial equity and standard equity.Spatial equity is reflected in the equity of access opportunity and access level of different residents and social groups with different characteristics.Standard equity is reflected in the scale and quality of education facilities of different social geoups.The evaluation method of this paper:first of all,it analyses the characteristic of urban education facilities and digs the phenomenon of unfair distribution and influence factors of the equity of the spatial distribution.Second it puts forward the basic principle of construction of the equity evaluation method.Third it constructs the framework of evaluation method and explains the evaluation methods and models.Finally,the evaluation results are presented by visual expression.Through the research,the paper received the following main conclusion:first,through the overall performance of social equity of basic education facilities of Shenhe district by the Gini Coefficient and Lorenz Curve,it respectively concludes that the distribution of primary school and middle school are huge gap and fairly equal,which shows that the convenience of different social members to obtain primary education resources is of huge gap,however it is more equal in the convenience of middle school education resources.And there is also huge gap in the standard of basic education facilities of different proportions of the resident population.Second it investigates spatial matching between the spatial distribution of basic education facilities and the living space and population by calculate the overall reach ability and reach ability of different time and also investigates the level of per capita basic education facilities in each space unit.It shows that the middle and west region of Shenhe is better than the south and east region.And the Binhe Street achieves higher level in this analysis however the level of Maguanqiao Street is low.And it also shows that the level of primary school has large difference but the tendency of distribution is not obvious,however for the level of middle school the middle and west district is slightly higher than the south and east.Wanlian street has obvious advantage both in the level of per capita primary school and the middle school,the Wulihe and Quanyuan Street are both low however the Maguanqiao Street present a completely opposite result.Third,it investigates the comprehensive service level of basic education facilities in each space unit which shows that the middle and west enjoy a higher level especially in Shandong miao and Binhe Street however Fengle,Quanyuan and Maguanqiao Street are on the contrary.Finally,it analyses the relationship between the economic attribute of residents and the following analysis results which shows that there is no obvious relationship between them,the allocation of service level of basic education facilities for the middle and high income groups have both high level and low level.However the whole level of education the low income group obtained is relatively low.According to the research,this paper put forward the construction strategies of social equity of urban basic education facilities spatial distribution from three aspects,such as Understanding,planning and management,which is in order to provide relevant decision-making reference for the government and relevant departments to promote the quality and balanced development of the basic education resources,meanwhile make reference for the similar city.