Research On Evacuation Model And Path Optimization Of High-rise Buildings

In recent years,with the rapid economic development,various high-rise buildings have sprung up from the ground,where the subsequent construction safety incidents have also occurred frequently.It not only cause significant property losses,but also seriously threatens the lives of people in the building.Although there is a great deal of relevant research on the safety evacuation of buildings,the research on evacuation of high-rise buildings is slightly weak that deserves the attention of scholars.Because the problems,including time-consuming,labor-intensive and poor operability in evacuation exercises,can be solved by the computer modeling and simulation technology,establishing a suitable high-rise building evacuation model can efficiently and flexibly simulate the evacuation process,which provide reasonable reference for the building design based on safety performance and the evacuation path planning.This paper focus on the problem of high-rise building personnel evacuating.Firstly,the basic characteristics and structural models of Cellular Automata are studied.An evacuation model framework based on Cellular Automata model is established by abstracting the characteristics of personnel.In addition,aiming at the problem that genetic algorithm has poor local optimization ability in evacuation simulation and is easy to converge prematurely,a horizontal floor evacuation model based on cell genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the evacuation path in the horizontal direction,whose effectiveness is verified by simulation.Secondly,after building an evacuation model based on the cellular genetic algorithm,a variety of conditions such as evacuation distance factors and risk factors are combined to establish the multi-objective path optimization model.The NSGA-II algorithm then is used to solve the multi-objective path planning in the evacuation process problem.the evacuation efficiency is significantly improved by simulating a high-rise teaching building,and the application of the model in multi-exit floor path planning is realized.Finally,a staircase evacuation model based on cellular automata was established in terms of vertical evacuation of high-rise buildings,and the staircase evacuation model was simulated considering factors such as personnel preference and fatigue.By comparing the evacuation drills and the simulated experimental results,the validity of the model is verified.In addition,based on the established staircase model,the concept of basic update time was proposed,which shortened the CPU running time by 42%during computer simulation.In summary,this article systematically established the evacuation model of high-rise buildings,conducted modeling simulation and analysis from the horizontal and vertical directions.The evacuation model is improved,and the horizontal evacuation path is optimized.Overall,this study provide certain basis and guidance for exit design,path optimization and evacuation path selection for the personnel evacuating of the high-rise buildings.