Real-time And Dynamic Route Planning For High-rise Building Evacuation With Stairs And Elevators

With technical measures to ensure the safe operation of elevators more and more mature, more and more experts and scholars began to study the process of high-rise building evacuation with stairs and elevators. At present, evacuation model and software has been rapidly developed, many containing elevator evacuation module, such as EXIT98、Pathfinder、EVACNET、ELVAC etc, and providing a reference for safety design of large high-rise buildings.However, the real fire scenarios vary widely, fire and smoke have big affect the evacuation routes. Evacuation simulation software commonly used are usually pre-models in which the evacuation simulation occurs before the evacuation. So they can’t response to actual evacuation process in emergency situation in real-time and dynamically. So a method to quickly generate real-time dynamic evacuation strategy is urgently needed.There are many high-rise building evacuation models. According to how to divide the building space, they can be classified into fine grid model and coarse network model. Because of the higher floors, complex structure, large number of occupants of high-rise buildings, using a fine mesh model to simulate the evacuation process will have a very long computation time. While the network model focus on the overall evacuation strategy and have high computational efficiency, so it is suitable for large-sized evacuation network. This paper chose network model as a means of studying dynamic evacuation process of high-rise buildings.Before achieving the goal of real-time and dynamic evacuation strategy for high-rise buildings, to overcome the limits of common business software when simulating to simulate mixed evacuation in high-rise buildings, this paper first expand CCRP algorithm to the building evacuation areas, including the elevator evacuation module to develop a high-rise building collaborative evacuation model using stairs and elevators. The collaborative evacuation model can find the best mixed evacuation strategy through one calculation to ensure the overall evacuation time shortest. Besides, the collaborative evacuation model further improved the efficiency of stairs and elevators, in theory, the last group of people using the elevator to evacuate and the last group of people to use the stairs should reach security zone at the same time. In addition, the paper discussed the influence of the occupants’number, elevator’s load, stairs’capacity, building height on the process of collaborative evacuation with stairs and elevators in high-rise buildings.On this basis, in order to cope with the effects of smoke on the evacuation routes during the evacuation, the paper has developed a real-time dynamic network model of high-rise building collaborative evacuation with stairs and elevator. The algorithm can search and adjust the optimal evacuation paths if a route suddenly failure at any moment during evacuation process to ensure the occupants quickly and safely evacuate to a safe area outside. Then, we use the real-time and dynamic model to study the effects of different fire conditions on evacuation process and found that for each fire condition, there is a critical fire floor. If the fire occurs on or below the critical floor, with the decrease of the fire floor, the overall evacuation time increases linearly. While if the fire floor is above the critical fire, the overall evacuation time and evacuation plans almost don’t change. We wish to develop and provide emergency command reference for high-rise building evacuation plan.Finally, this paper discussed the advantage of the shuttle ladder assisting super high-rise building evacuation. It was found that the shuttle ladder assisting evacuation can shorten overall time efficiency, and there is an optimum proportion of shuttle ladder use to ensure the overall evacuation time shortest. The proportion can be obtained by the self-developed high-rise building collaborative evacuation model quickly, reducing the workload of commercial software in simulating evacuation scenarios of super high-rise buildings.