A Study On The Landscape Space Form Of Fenggang Ancient Village In Shantou

In the vast plains of Chaoshan region,there are numersous traditional villages with profound cultural and obvious space features,Fenggang Village is one of them.This coastal fishing village was influenced by both marine culture and Fujian and Guangdong culture,so that has the Chaoshan local characteristic.From the Ming Dynasty to the republic of China,and the village historical development vein clear and these historical traces remains intact,which are important case of Haogong region historical research,so that its value is immeasurable.In this study of landscape space of Fenggang Village,with accessing a lot of historical literature,field investigation,visiting villagers,mapping on-site construction,using landscape design,urban planning,spatial morphology,architecture,environmental psychology and many other multidisciplinary theory knowledge,then analyzed the Fenggang village space form in multiple perspectives:firstly,combining the Fenggang village's background in its humanities history,constituent elements and so on,and system analyzed the influence which behind the status and promoted the development of the space;secondly,classified analyzed the landscape space elements and its forms,in order to excavate the inherent regular and the humanities connotation of traditional material space forms;lastly,had a discussion of the protection and restoration of village space.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)The overall spatial pattern of Fenggang village:the form about “one mountain with two river ” :Fenggang Hill-Xingang River-Haogong River,and the village outline is rectangular;the village construction layout form is intensive type.(2)The space constitute of Fenggang village with three categories:The point combination in four ancestral temples as the center and other large residences group distributed around them;The linear combination in different terrains which connected to the buildings;The surface domain combination in pieces of buildings which in different eras.(3)The characteristics of Fenggang village's traditional dwelling buildings:the building towards mainly include two forms: "sit west toward east" and "sit northeast toward southwest",and the buildings built around the Phoenix Hill,conform to the topography,following the nature;the construction yard form is divided into two categories:patio courtyard(the inter courtyard) and the outer courtyard;the patio courtyard with independent type and simultaneous type,the outside yard with five types: " ? " courtyard, "?" courtyard, "?" courtyard, "L" courtyard,triangle courtyard.(4)The traditional architectural art of Fenggang village:they're mainly manifested in three aspects:pattern,sculpt and color.The plane and emboss patterns were used to decorate the metopes under the eaves,showing the traditional fairy tale story;and the three-dimensional patterns which were decorated the focal spot,like main entrance and beam head,and used plants, mammals and character modellings as the themes.The sculpt decoration has five categories:the plain three-dimensional and concave gold stone caving;the gold lacquer and plain wood carving which used the story plot and still life as the themes;the pun pan which used the natural material as the themes;the embed porcelain which used the beast of legend,such as Phoenix and Kylin,and peonies as the themes.The color decoration attaches the most importance to red and yellow,and followed by the blue and green,give priority to high-bright-warm color and complementing cool color,realizing the changes in temperature,sensitiving color contrast to reconcile.