Research On Huizhou Traditional Theatrical Buildings In Ming And Qing Dynasties

The traditional theatrical building is the carrier of traditional Chinese opera which can be a significant place for the ancient religion, folk custom and recreational activities.It is also the most frequent space for public activities, which reflects cultural connotations in many aspects like etiquette, theocracy, folk custom,art and so on. In this paper theatrical building refers not only to stage in narrow sense, but also includes the affiliated buildings like Xiangtang(the memorial hall),Qintang(the resting hall),porches, courtyards and so on.It is a concept of group. Based on the investigation and mapping of all kinds of Huizhou traditional theatrical buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties. This paper gives a deep research on the spatial form and construction as well as the decoration characteristics of the theatrical buildings in Huizhou area, so as to help people learn such kinds of buildings deeply and systematically. Here, I attempt to interpret Huizhou theatrical building in Ming and Qing Dynasties from the construction level for the first time.And provide a strong technical support and scientific basis for the repair and protection of ancient staget through construction pictures and construction instructions.The main research contents of this thesis consist of the following several parts:In the first part, through the on-the-spot investigation of nearly 20 theatrical buildings in Huizhou area(and the regions influenced by HUI culture such as Jingxian and Ningguo),which were bulit during Ming and Qing dynasties. We systematically comb its remain situation and basic features. According to its different functions, we classify the theatrical buildings into four types, including ancestral hall theatres, public theaters, temple theatres,and private garden theatres. In terms of the form of text, tables and images, we give a brief description of the existing theaters in Huizhou region built during the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the second part, we focus on the site planning and space layout of Huizhou theatrical building in Ming and Qing dynasties.The principles of site planning have followed the theory that man is an integral part of nature,and including three kinds of location model namely “Yin and Yang embrace togethe”,“located in the water gap”and”in the center of Bagua".The caractristics of its space layout are “regular orientation”, “ranking clearly”, “attech to the gate”and“axial symmetry”. According to its space layout, it is extracted as the six parts—— the boot space, the entrance space, the performance space, the play space, the audience space,the ritual activity space and the sacrifice space. Combined with the surveying drawings and repair recovery blueprints as well as the photos, design of the spatial form for each part are summarized.In the third part, we have analyzed the structural styles and the methods of construction about Huizhou traditional theatrical buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties. According to its structure features, we divide it into two parts: structural construction and decorative construction. In terms of the structural construction, we have summarized the structural styles and structural methods from structural system, supporting system, and roofing system. Also, from describing its detailed ways of doing it, we have outlined the structural characteristics. Then we comes to the decorative construction, we have offered a clear account of the general features about the colors, the theme, the techniques and the characteristics of decoration in traditional theatrical buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties, among which we focus on caisson,Xuan(a kind of ceiling decoration),screen door,Gualuo(a kind of adornment artifacts),rail and give these typical things a clear analysis. Besides, we also dipped into the use of acoustics for some special constructures, and precisely sum up its decorational art characteristics. In this way, we have outlined the decorative characteristics.Finally formed the comprehensive understanding about the traditional theatrical buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties.