| Huaibei and Huainan coal mining area is located in the north central part of Anhui province,which is one of 13 large-scale coal bases and 6 coal power bases of China.As it is located in the milddle-eastern area which has the largest coal consumption of China,Huaibei and Huainan coal mining area plays an important roal in providing coals for eastern China.The large-scale mining of coal resources,on the one hand,meets the needs of national economic construction,on the other hand,which has brought a series of ecological environment problems.Coal mining is a process of resource consumption and environmental damage in the same time.The paper analyzes and evaluates the ecological damages caused by coal exploitation,and the ecological impacts of mining is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly,mining enterprises,new power plants,railways and the reconstruction of new coal preparation plants will cover a large amount of agricultural areas such as farmland and forests,which will directly result in changes of regional ecosystem structure and function;secondly,the landscape in mining areas will be damaged and changed a lot;thirdly,the coal mining destroys the ecological balance of rivers;fourthly,the surface subsidence of coal mining area induces a series of ecological problems,mainly including the local residents relocation caused by mining,which is a kind of secondary problem caused by the development of natural resources.The current methods of ecological environment are:firstly,according to different types of subsidence areas,land reclamation and ecological restoration of mining subsidence area are carried out according to different conditions;developing planting and aquaculture at the subsidence area;coal gangue backfilling and earthing up for afforestation construction;fruit tree planting,livestock and poultry breeding;construction of artificial wetland wastewater processing system,establishment of subsidence area ecological restoration demonstration project,subsidence zone water Park for leisure and tourism and implementation of the comprehensive development of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery.According to the ecological impact coal resources mining caused and existing environmental management experience in Huainan and Huaibei mining area,although a lot of work and effort had been taken,with years of continuous mining,the problems rise one after another.There are still a lot of problems to be solved : impelling the establishment of a unified ecological reconstruction agency,mineral resources wasted during destruction,low mining recovery rate,the lack of overall planning of ecological environment protection and comprehensive management and ecological reconstruction agency,and the unification of capital investment operation and management mechanism.Combining with the Comprehensive Treatment Plan of Coal Mining Subsidence of Six Eastern City in Anhui Province(2012-2020),this paper puts forward the measures of the ecological comprehensive improvement in Huainan and Huaibei mining area;(1)In order to adapt to the economic development under the new situation,establishing new-type mining area coal resource development enterprise management and operation mechanism and the combo of enterprises based on Huaibei,Wandian,Huainan,Xinji four large mining groups;(2)Establishing ecological villages according to the rules of the socialist new countryside;(3)Vigorously carrying out ecological environmentalimprovements: protecting the wetland ecosystem in coal mining subsidence area and using regionalized management technology;(4)Tightening up the management of the ecological environment in Huaibei and Huainan coal mining area. |
PDF Full Text Request