The Taxonomic Significance Of The Micromorphological And Anatomical Structures Of The Taxa In The Family Papaverceae In Northeastern China

The morphological characters of the leaves(including blades and petioles),fruits and seeds of fifteen taxa(thirteen species,one variety,and one form)in the family Papaveraceae in northeastern China were deeply studied in the thesis,using the morphological observation and GMA method.The cluster analysis dendrogram(UPGMA)based on the morphological characters was also used.The results showed that the Papaveraceae taxa in northeastern China could be divided into two subfamilies Papaveroideae and Fumarioideae according to the micro-morphology and the anatomic characters studied.Papaveroideae(Papaver?Hylomecon?Macleaya and Chelidonium):The leaves are with multicellular trichomes which are uniseriate,hard multiseriate or shoft multiseriate trichomes.The stomata are anomocytic.The proportion of palisade tissue and spongy tissue is 1:3,2:3 or 3:2(this feature can be used for the subfamily and genus division).The petioles in transversal section are round or semilunar.The vascular bundles are 3,5 or 7.The laticifers occur in the phloem in some taxa and the latex is gelatinous and opaque.The capsule fruits are composed of two or many carpels.The young fruits are with trichomes but they do not appeare in mature fruits.The exocarps are one layer of cells which are oval or rectangle.The mesocarp is composed of parenchyma cells except Macleaya cordata which have lignified cells.The endocarp cells are lignified except Hylomecon and Chelidonium.Testas are ornmentation reticulate or honeycombed.Fumarioideae(Hypecoum and Corydalis):The leaves are with single celled hairs,and anomocytic stomata.The proportion of palisade tissue and spongy tissue are 1:2 or 1:3.The Hypecoum has isolateral leaves.The vascular bundles of petioles are 3-5 in Corydalis and 13 in Hypecoum.The Fumarioideae taxa do not have latex and the sap is very rich in the cells in some taxa,which is slightly transparent(Hypecoum erectum)or brown(Corydalis yanhusuo)in colour.The fruits are composed of 2 carpels which are dorsaly compressed.The testas are smooth or honeycomb and some taxa have aril.The outermost layer of cells of the taxtas containe tannin,the innermost layer of cells are lignified.The single crystals occur in the innermost layer of cells in Hypecoum and are not observed in the taxa.This study provided the monophyletic evidence for that Chelidonium and Hylomecon belong to one clade which is not close to Macleaya showed by the molecular studies.It is supported that the Hypecoum is placed in the subfamily Fumarioideae showed by the earlier classical clasiffication in the study.The Dicentreae and Corydaleae should be separated.The study of the thesis provides morphological data for the further systematic study of Papaveraceae taxa of China.