Taxonomy And Molecular Phylogeny Of Galerina And Simocybe In China

Morphlogical and molecular phylogenetic studies were conducted for the brown-spored agarics genera Galerina Earle and Simocybe P.Karst from China.This paper provides more morphological descriptions and distributions to supplement previous work,analyzed nuclear phylogeny results to reveal infrageneric phylogeny and the interspecific differences of Galerina.Author choosed 156 specimens of Galerina and Simocybe from Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae(HMAS)?Herbarium of Cryptogams,Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Science(HKAS)and Herbarium of Mycology of Jilin Agricultural University(HMJAU)to study,compiled keys to 30 species of Galerina from China.During the research of specimens collected from China,one specie of the genus Simocybe,namely Simocybe serrulata was reported from China for the first time.15 species of the genus Galerina were described,including 8 records new to China:Galerina pumila(Pers.)M.Lange,Galerina stylifera(G.F.Atk.)A.H.Sm.& Singer,Galerina mniophila(Lasch)Kühner,Galerina semilanceata(Peck)A.H.Sm.& Singer,Galerina triscopa(Fr.)Kühner,Galerina clavata(Velen.)Kühner,Galerina minima(Peck)A.H.Sm.& Singer,Galerina calyptrata P.D.Orton;Galerina sideroides(Bull.)Kühner was first found in Jilin Province?Heilongjiang Province?Inner Mongolia Province;Galerina marginata(Batsch)Kühner was new to Jilin Province.The morphological descriptions were given in detail,draw the line drawings of the macrostructures of basidioma and microstrutures of basidiospore,basida,cheilocystidia,caulocystidia,pileipellis,provide SEM images of the ornaments on the surface of basidiospores,to get their ITS sequences of the species through DNA extraction,PCR amplication.In this study has analyzed nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences to affirm the results of previous morphological identifications,some of sequences obtained from EMBL/GenBank,other come from the paper of Gulden and this study,GenBank sequences from genus Hebeloma(Fr.)P.Kumm?Alnicola(Fr.)P.Kumm?Gymnopilus P.Karst and Gymnopilus was used as outgroup sequences in the analyses of ITS.Our results,received from Bayesian,strongly suggest that the sequences of this study are at the same stage with obtained,affirmed that morphological characters often are highly homoplastic in the agarics.