The Bird Diversity Of Winter And Summer In Chaoyang

Located in the west of Liaoning Province,Chaoyang's main animal geography area belongs to the intersection of north China,northeast of China and Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region.Thus,Chaoyang has various kinds of unique bird species and more complex community than other area in Liaoning.It is the area that needs to be studied in depth in terms of bird research.We've conducted sample survey of the winter and summer birds in Chaoyang from December 2015 to January 2016 and in July 2016.We studied the the birds' composition in the region,the diversity of bird communities in different habitats,the diversity of bird communities during winter and summer,etc.We also compared our data to former study data 30 years ago in this area to discuss the impact of economic development and environmental change on birds.The major results are as follows:1.In this survey,109 avian species were recorded,which belonged to 15 order 40 families.There are 23 families 57 species of passerine birds in Chaoyang,and the percentage is 53.27%.Besides passerine birds,there were 10 species of falconiformes,accounted for 9.17% of the total species,followed by 7 species of ciconiiform,accounted for 6.42% of the total species.There were 6 species of anatidae birds and shorebirds.And there were 42 residents,accounted for 38.5%,11 winter migrant birds,accounted for 10.0%,49 summer migrant birds,accounted for 45.0% and 7 travelers,accounted for 6.4%.2.Passer montanus,Emberiza cioides and Pica pica are the three dominant species in Chaoyang.And there are 19 common species including Carduelis sinica,Hirundo rustica,Phasianus colchicus,Streptopelia decaocto,Parus major,Hirundo daurica,Urocissa erythrorhyncha,Sturnus cineraceus and Picus canus.The uncommon species' number is 26,including Aegithalos caudatu,Emberiza rustica,Prunella montanella,Lanius cristatus,Emberiza godlewskii,Calerida cristata,Ardeola bacchus,Tadorna ferruginea,Upupa epops,etc.There are 61 rare species in Chaoyang,including Falco columbarius,Emberiza leucocephalos,Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax,Cuculus canorus,Cuculus micropterus,Alauda arvensis,Cyanopica cyanus,Alcedo atthis,Falco subbuteo,Emberiza pallasi,Emberiza pusilla,etc.3.According to the topography and vegetation condition of Chaoyang,it can be divided into five habitat types: farmland,village,waterside,bush and forest.Research and analysis is conducted to the composition,diversity,evenness and similarity of the bird communities in the five habitat types.The order of diversity index from the highest to the lowest is: waterside,forest,bush,farmland and village.Waterside has the highest evenness index which is 0.762,followed by forest which is 0.668,and village is the lowest which is 0.382.In the five habitat types,the Simpson index order from large to small is the same with the diversity index.There are significant community structure differences in waterside habitat than the other communities.The village and farmland habitat has the highest similarity which is 0.855.4.Pycnonotus sinensis is discovered and recorded as the new speices of West Liaoning.Spilopelia chinensis is discovered and recorded as the new speices of Chaoyang.5.Compared with the data which conducted 30 years ago,Alectoris chukar used to be the dominant species in the birds survey of West Liaoning.However,we only found a small amount of Alectoris chukar in our survey.Phasianus colchicus is the dominant species in our survey.