Studies On Species Diversity Of Macrofungi In Mount Tai

The species diversity, the flora diversity, the relationship between seasons and macrofungi and medicinal and edible fungi resources in Mount Tai were studied in the paper.Eight sample plots were set up in Mount Tai, and 783 macrofungi fruit body specimen were collected in and around these sample plots from June 2013 to April 2016.244 species of macrofungi were identified by the means of morphological identification and molecular identification. These 244 species belong to 91 genera,44 families,12 orders,4 classes, and among which,14 species are ascomycetes while 230 species are basidiomycetes, including one new Lactarius species and 19 new record species of Shandong. According to the 10th Dictionary of Fungi(2008), macrofungi species diversity catalogue of the 244 species was composed. In addition,52 specimens were only identified to genus level.The flora diversity of macrofungi in Mount Tai was analyzed firstly in this paper and there are 14 dominant families which include 183 species macrofungi with a ratio of 75%. The dominant families are Russulaceae, Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae, Boletaceae,, Amanitaceae, Marasmiaceae, Tricholomataceae, Coprinaceae, Suillacea, Mycenaceae, Phallacea, Strophariaceae, Morchellaceae and Ganodermataceae. And 128 species in 12 dominant genera(?5 species) is taking up 52.46% of the identified macrofungi species. The dominant genera are Morchella, Russula, Agaricus, Amanita, Marasminus, Boletus, Coprinus, Trametes, Mycena, Suillus, Lactarius and Ganoderma. Morchella belongs to Ascomycota, while others belong to Basidiomycota.In the paper, this 91 genera of macrofungi were divided three types:D1 (world distribution type), D2(Tropical and Subtropical distribution type),and D3(North-temperate distribution type).51 genera belong to D1 with a ratio of 56.04%; 12 genera belong to D2 with a ratio of 13.19%;28 genera belong to D2 with a ratio of 30.77%.12 dominant genera own 128 macrofungi species with a ratio of 52.46. morchella belongs to Ascomycota, while other 11 genera belong to Basidiomycota.Mount Tai locates in sub-humid warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone, which have the charismatics of four seasons, mild summer and winter, light going with temperature and rain going with heat. Almost all species occur in moist and hot summer and early autumn except few species preferring early spring and late autumn. The precipitation of July and August account for 68.13% of whole year precipitation, and at the same time, 80.33% of all macrofungi species occur.There are 35 medical fungi,34 poisonous fungi and 125 (51.23%) edible fungi in which there are 51 good edible fungi. The macro fungi resource of Mount Tai is abundant, which has a wide prospect.