Study On The Spatial Pattern Of Rural Settlement In Shandong Province Based On GIS

For a long time, the rural problem is related to the key issues of China's economic and social development. Compared with the city, the development of rural areas in China is slightly delayed. Study the spatial pattern of rural settlement and its influencing factors, is of great significance to guide the optimization of rural residents' living environment and the effective utilization of land resources, urban and rural integration construction.This paper in Shandong Province as the study area, based on Landsat 8 remote sensing image and social economy of Shandong Province data, combined with the platform of ArcGIS10.1, first using GIS spatial analysis, landscape index analysis and system cluster analysis method of the spatial pattern of the rural settlements in Shandong Province and its classification. Secondly, using spatial statistics, buffer analysis, correlation analysis and other methods to study the impact of rural settlement spatial pattern of many factors. Finally put forward the corresponding recommendations of rural settlement optimization. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The characteristics of rural settlement agglomeration in Shandong province are obvious, and the spatial distribution characteristics are obviously different. The rural settlement in Shandong province is mainly concentrated in the central and western regions,and the agglomeration degree of the settlement is relatively high. The spatial distribution density of rural settlements is not balanced, the density of the west is higher than that of the East, and the density of the central and southern areas is higher than the surrounding. Large settlements and small settlements exist together, the scale of the large difference between the settlements. The clustering characteristics of rural settlement is similar to the same kind of agglomeration, high value and low value agglomeration coexist, low value agglomeration is mainly distributed in the hilly region of South central.(2) The spatial differentiation of rural settlement landscape index in Shandong province is strong. The complexity of settlement form in the central hilly region is higher than that of the surrounding area. The morphological complexity of the northern area is higher than that inthe south. The complexity of the eastern hilly region is higher than that of the western plain. The spatial characteristics of the differences in the scale of rural settlements show that the differences between the high value agglomeration areas are large, and the small differences between the settlements in low value agglomeration areas are small. In the degree of polymerization of rural settlements, the overall performance of the hilly area is lower than the plain area.(3) The regional differences of rural settlements in Shandong province are obvious.Through cluster analysis, at the county level in Shandong Province, the rural settlement scale will be divided into six types. Medium scale extremely low density distribution type, its settlement shape characteristic is more rules. Small and medium-sized, medium and high density distribution type, the degree of fragmentation of its settlement is higher and the degree of agglomeration is low. Medium and large scale, medium and low density distribution types,the high degree of agglomeration. Medium and small scale low density distribution type, the degree of fragmentation of its settlement is higher and the concentration is lower. Large scale low density distribution type, the agglomeration degree of the settlement is higher and the difference of the scale between the settlement is larger. Small scale and high density distribution type, the degree of fragmentation of the settlement is relatively high and the concentration of the settlement is relatively low, and the scale of the settlement is small.(4) Natural and social economic factors have a great impact on the spatial pattern of rural settlements, and the spatial distribution, scale characteristics and morphological characteristics of rural settlements are affected by topography. Rivers and roads have a strong attraction to rural settlements, the more close to the river and the road, the greater the density of the settlement and the average size of the settlement. There is some correlation between the rural economy and the spatial characteristics of rural settlement.