Study Of The Agricultural Productive Efficiency In Shandong Province—Under The Background Of Farmland Circulation

Humanity’s most fundamental relationship is with what we eat, and grain is greatly relates to basic needs of people’s life, also is the guarantee of national security for a long time. However, in recent years, the national food security problem more and more prominent, China’s grain self-sufficiency rate reached the lowest point in history, only 87%. The early 1980 s, China adopted the "household-contract responsibility system", the nation changed the contiguous large-scale forms of agriculture to become the fragmentation operation mode of "production quotas" as the main form, which makes it difficult to form the China’s agricultural mechanization, specialization and precision of modern agricultural management patterns, the unit efficiency of agricultural production at a low lever for a long time, further expanding the urban-rural gap. The central file no. 1 write the “agricultural modernization” to the file title again for the third consecutive time since 2014. To ensure the safety of the food supply is fundamental to achieve agricultural modernization, and accelerate the circulation of farmland management rights, foster new agricultural business entities, improve agricultural productivity efficiency has become an inexorable trend of rural reform. Taking Shandong province as the research object, this article analysis the efficiency of agricultural productive factors with different farmland scales under the background of farmland transfer. In recent years, the land circulation process is accelerated in shandong, the total area of land circulation reached to 22.2 million mu by the end of 2015, accounting for 24% of the area of the household contract management, and the rate of agricultural management scale reached 32.8%. In shandong province, the industrialization management pattern with "Industrial and commercial capital and a variety of new type of agricultural management main body" began to sprout. Land circulation has made some achievements, but there are still some problems,such as short-term circulation, small-scale of transfer, high rate of "non-grain" management, lake of the standardized process of transfer and unsound social security system and so on.This research adopts the extended form of Cobb-Douglas production function to analyze the relationships between land productivity and planting areas of wheat, corn and cotton respectively form the perspective of single factor productivity. We also make an exploration into the effects of rural land transfer activity on the land productivity. The final results suggest that the land productivity of wheat has a monotonically rising trend along with the increasing land area. However, it appears a U-shape for the land productivity of corn and cotton, which means that the land productivity first decreases and then increases with the increase of farmland scale. The switching point of U-shape for the land productivity of corn and cotton is 10 mu and 5 mu respectively. As the influence of the rural land transfer on the land productivity, transferring into the land can increase the productivity of farmland and transferring out the land doesn’t generate any significant influence on the land productivity. What’s more, this research adopts the DEA to analyze the relationships between agricultural production efficiency and planting areas of different plants form the perspective of total factor productivity.The final results suggest that the agricultural production efficiency is highest when the farmers owing less than 5 mu, that is the agricultural production efficiency of cotton has a monotonically decreasing trend along with the increasing land area,it shows a negative relationship between the planing area and the production efficiency. However, it appears a U-shape for the agricultural production efficiency of wheat and corn, that is agricultural production efficient of more than 20 mu is highest, agricultural production efficient is followed in the range of 0-5 mu and 15-20 mu, and agricultural production efficiency is the worst in the range of 5-15 mu. As the influence of the rural land transfer on the agricultural production efficiency, it shows that households in circulation have a higher efficiency than the non-circulation households, which means transferring farmland can increase the agricultural production efficiency.Under the current farmland system, rural land transfer becomes the main way to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and utilization and to increase farmers’ income. To promote the reasonable transfer of farmland actively, to raise the level of agricultural modernization, to ensure national food security supply, this paper puts forward a few several policy suggestions: encourage the farmers that owing land more than 20 mu to grow grain; innovate the means of grain subsides; cultivate a variety of new type of agricultural management main body; increase investment in agricultural science and technology and ensure the national food security.