| In China,the amount of farmland is very limited and the available land for further development are seriously insufficient,so the farmland transfer market are considered to be the only way to develop agricultural scale management.However,the market tends to be scattered at the present stage,and the amount of farmland which flows to scale households are less than 40%.The phenomenon is inconsistent with theoretical expectations and policy objectives,and the reasons are worthy for further research.According to economic theory,the important premise of the general principle of resource allocation by market price mechanism is that the resources are homogeneous.We will wonder whether the farmland in the market is homogeneous.What are the differences in farmland between different transfer?What are the mechanisms that lead to different transfer?Will it affect the resource allocation of the market and the agricultural scale management in China?Those answers of above questions will help to deepen the understanding of farmland transfer market,also will strengthen the understanding of internal relationship between farmland transfer market and agricultural scale management.Farmland is not a general homogeneous product.As a means of production,the physical and geographical characteristics,such as soil quality,geology,geomorphology and hydrology,have obvious differences,which directly affect the production mode of farmers.Therefore,its value is related to the characteristics of land.Also,as a kind of living means,it is closely related to the living space and lifestyle of the farmland' owner.It has multiple functions in employment,pension and other aspects,and its value is related to the characteristics of farmers.In the process of farmland markets' trading,the price is not only the currency involved in the exchange,but also includes the rights related to farmland,such as the protection of property rights and exchange of "RenQing".So,the value of farmland is not simply equal to the currency price.Due to the growth of crops and human activities are usually carried out within the space defined by the ridge of farmland plot,so the space characteristics of farmland plot are important factors that will affect the adoption of agricultural technologies and production costs.This research will analyze the land's heterogeneity from the perspective of fixed spatial location of plot.In farmland market,the rent comes from the "excess profit" from the farmers' transfer in land.Due to the randomness of land plot distribution,the rent of land plot with different space characteristics varies for different potential transferees in the land market.Who would pay higher rents for the land plot,not only depends on the farmer's ability of production,but also by the farmland'space characteristics.In theory,this paper discusses the influence of the transferred plots' space characteristics on the scale economy of production.And from the perspective of farmers,we discuss the preference's heterogeneity between different farmers on the transferred plots' characteristics.So that,we can judge the influence of land plot' characteristics on the land's flow direction in the transfer market.Then,a mathematical model will be constructed to analyze the influence and constraints of farmland transfer market on agricultural scale management,as well as the future development trend.The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of land plot' area and location on resource allocation in the farmland transfer market.Based on the theory,this paper analyzes the influence of the transferred plots' space characteristics on the scale economy of agricultural production from the perspective of plots.Also compares the heterogeneity of the farmers' preference on the transferred plots' characteristics.So that we can ensure the favorable conditions for realizing the scale economy and promoting the agriculture scale management,also can judge the future development trend.In this paper,the empirical study focuses on the impact of farmland' space characteristics on agricultural production,farmland's flow direction,and agricultural scale management.The main research content and conclusions are divided into the following three parts.Content 1:The influence of the transferred plots' space characteristics on the scale economy.In this part,the fixation of the spatial location of farmland is introduced into the analysis framework of scale economy.It explored the difference of scale economy benefits between different transferred area and location plots.Based on the 4 provinces'(Heilongjiang,Henan,Zhejiang and Sichuan)survey data,which include farmers and farmland plots information,we constructed the input-output model and the production-cost model to conduct the empirical analysis.In order to test the different value between different characteristic farmland,the effects of land area and location on both the input-output of production and the cost per unit product were investigated respectively.Both theoretical and empirical analysis results show that:In the transfer market,transferred in the large or connected plots can improve the technical production efficiency and reduce the unit product cost after deducting land rent.The scale economy is obvious from the perspective of land plots.The higher rent rate of plots with larger area or connected is derived from the scale economy in the production.That is,the scale economy of land plots encourage farmers to pay higher rent,to acquire the land with such characteristics.However,the increment of the land scale economy is decreasing with the expansion of the transferred land area.Content 2:The heterogeneity of different farmers preference for the space characteristics of transferred plots' and the implication of resource allocation.This part is to compare the production characteristics of farmers with different scales and investigate the heterogeneity of their preference for the space characteristics of transferred farmland plots.So that we can judge and test the flow direction of the different characteristic plots in transfer market.Based on the 4 provinces(Heilongjiang,Henan,Zhejiang and Sichuan)survey data,which include farmland plots data information,we constructed the Multivariate Probit model to empirical analysis the difference in plots'characteristics between the scale households and ordinary households.Then,we verified the influence of plot' characteristics on the flow direction through the compare of the farmlands' fragmentation between scale households and ordinary households.The results of theoretical and empirical analysis show that there are differences in the labor scarcity and the demand for mechanical replacement among farmers,resulting in heterogeneity in the preference for the transferred plots' space characteristics.Scale households with higher labor scarcity and demand for mechanical replacement prefer the larger or connected plots.While the small and scattered plots do not match with the resource endowment and production style of scale households,so that it cannot get the "preference" of them.And the ordinary households have no obvious preference or rejection for the characteristics of the transferred land plots.At the same time,due to the scale households have the advantages in management capacity and technical,they can obtain higher marginal output than ordinary households when they transferred in the large or connected farmland plots.That means for the large or connected plots,scale households can pay higher rent and they will flow to scale households under the market conditions.But for the scattered and small plots,they cannot get the preference of scale households and not "repulsive" by the ordinary households,so they will flow to ordinary households mainly.Content 3:The influence and constraints of farmland transfer market development on agricultural scale management.This part is to investigate the internal relationship between farmland transfer market and agricultural scale management,as well as the constraints conditions.On the one hand,the development of farmland market creates conditions for the concentration of farmland to a few households,which helps to the development of agriculture scale management.On the other hand,the expansion of farmland transfer market promotes the consolidation of fragmented plots,which improves the characteristics of fragmentation of plots in the transfer market.It is conducive to the flow of a larger proportion of farmland land to scale households,thus helping promote the development of agricultural scale operation.The research will use the data,which collected from the 4 provinces(Heilongjiang,Henan,Zhejiang and Sichuan)in 2015 and 2018,for the empirical analysis.The analysis results show that the development of cultivated land transfer market has a significant positive impact on agricultural scale management,but it is influent by the endowment of farmland resources.The regions with large average farmland area per household need fewer plots than the regions with small average farmland area per household,to reach the "area threshold"of scale economy through contiguous plots.It implies that the probability of contiguous plots formed large plots,which are more likely to be transferred in by scaled households or transferred in to form scale households,is higher.It helps promoting the development of agriculture scale management.So,the amount of farmland would strengthen the promote function of farmland transfer market to agricultural scale management.However,the farmland transfer market in the regions with lots plots per household are more fragmented than the regions with less plots per household,and it's more difficult to form large plots by contiguous plots.It implies that the probability of fragmented plots flow to scaled households or from scale households is lower.It's disadvantage to the development of agriculture scale management.So,the fragments of farmland would weaken the promote function of farmland transfer market to agricultural scale management.Also,the promote of the amount of farmland transfer market,which will increase the probability of new land being connected with the original land,will lead to an accelerated development of agricultural scale management.In general,the plots are distributed randomly in the farmland transfer market,so the transferees face a scattered land supply.The small and non-connected plots impede the scale economic benefit,is difficult to form the "scale" households or not "preference" by the "scaled" households.It causes the dispersed flow of farmland.However,the land plots may be merged adjacent to each other to expand the area of land plots under the development of cultivated land transfer market.This phenomenon will change the scattered distribution characteristics of the transfer land market,which facilitate the formation of scale households or transferred in more farmland,also promote the development of agricultural scale management.Whereas,the endowment conditions of farmland resources would be important influencing factors.At same time,under the background of aging population and increasing non-agricultural income structure,the expansion of farmland transfer market will promote the accelerated development of agricultural scale management in China. |
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