Study On Temporal And Spatial Evolution Of Crop Pattern In Heilongjiang Province

Food security is one of the main challenges facing the 21 st century, human food problem has always been one of the important research topics of governments around the world. And is closely related to the food security of the steady development of agriculture planting industry, one of the important part of, in relation to the whole social stability and rapid development of national economy. Heilongjiang province as one of the 13 grain-producing provinces throughout the country and the nation’s largest commodity grain production base, shoulder important mission of national food security, around the area, adjustable structure, strong science and technology, increase yield and quality "of the planting industry development policy, food production" in a row to achieve goals. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, food production and price of a few times larger fluctuation, illustrates the planting structure adjustment also has certain problem. So the planting structure adjustment problems, to promote the steady development of agriculture, the number of food safety and safeguard national food production safety is of great significance. This study, one of the north east of Heilongjiang province as the research area, with a 1980-2010 years of agricultural statistical data as the data source, applying the related theory, based on planting industry structure and the GIS spatial analysis method of mathematical statistics, analysis of the study area mainly four kinds of crops of rice, corn, soybeans, wheat planting structure in the change of time dimension and space dimension, using factor dimension reduction model, screening and identify factors that influence the pattern of crop planting structure in time and space evolution of typical county, expounds the natural factors of crop planting structure in time and space structure evolution mechanism. The results showed that:(1)Over the past 30 years crop planting area of significant changes have taken place in Heilongjiang province, otal sown area and the area sown to grain crops respectively from 1980 in 8.724 million, the 7.318 million hm2 increased to 2010 hm2 14.25 million hm2, 13.549 million hm2.The acreage sown to grain growing volatility in the 80 s, In 1988, the total planting area and the area sown to grain crops have declined, to reach the lowest 8.238 million hm2, 6.886 million hm2,in the 90 s total sown area of crops and grain crops planting area into the stable growth phase, the 20 th century into the cross-cutting growth stage. Throughout more than 30 years in Heilongjiang crop sown area charts, you can use started to increase volatility, sustained and rapid growth to late.(2)Every major crops planting proportion present strong regularity.Soybean planting area centre of gravity is moving north, to the north of Heilongjiang province farming and concentrated in the west and planting proportion increased significantly; Rice planting proportion is the largest county for the amount of 1980, 1990, planting proportion is the largest county for the county, the founder of up to 51.08%,Rice planting proportion continue to increase in 2000, of which the northeast of Heilongjiang province to increase more, into 2010 planting proportion in expanded more than 20% of the area, mainly distributed in Fuyuan and Fujin city; Corn planting area space changed little, mainly distributed in Heilongjiang farming area of the southwest; Wheat planting area of north of planting area by the original big forestry area of Small Xing anling, large parts of the north of Sanjiang Plain and the northeast and north of the Songnen Plain, reduced to greater Hinggan mountains region east of the country.