Impacts Of Rural Tourism On Farmer’s Livelihoods In North Slope Of Qinling Mountains

With the rapid development of urbanization and the transition of the tourist consumption demand, more and more rural communities that relying on natural resources have became urban dwellers leisure destinations. The development of tourism have an important impact on the change of local farmers’livelihoods, which is one of the important driving force for farmers’livelihoods transition in rural areas. It have great significance to study tourism impact based on the perspective of sustainable livelihoods, which can help to improving the livelihoods of farmers and reducing the vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods and promoting the sustainabled evelopment of rural tourism destination. The of Qinling Mountains is a typically rural tourism destination that relying on the natural resources.Based on the comprehensive study of Qinling Mountains tourism zone, this paper selects Pacific Valley rural tourism destination of as the typical study area which is in Shaanxi Province. Based on field surveys, systematicly analysis the influence of tourism development on farmers’ livelihoods and the schematic diagram of farmers’livelihood transformation under the background of tourism development.Based on farmer’survey data and socio-economic statistical data, drawing DFID sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper firstly analysis the behavioral Characteristics of four types of farm households, then comparing means of livelihood and livelihood capital of four kinds of farmers in 2000 and 2013. By building evaluation system, contrastive analysis four farmers’livelihoods capital status and livelihood vulnerability. Finally, based on binary Logistic model building, this paper discusses the relationship between farmers’livelihood capital and livelihood strategies, so that to discriminate the main factors that affecting the choices of farmers’livelihood strategies. Studies shown that:(1) Farmers’livelihoods type is more diversified compared with 2000, farmers’ livelihoods structure changed, the number of farmers engaging in tourism related livelihoods have a substantial increase, the number of farmers engaging in traditional activities haceing been substantially reduced. Local farmers livelihood strategies have transformed. The mode of farmers’livelihoods is traditional livelihood activities supplemented by engaging in industry in 2000. Yet it have transformed into tourism management upplemented by agricultural portfolio and industry. This diversified livelihood strategies can help reduce the risk of farm household livelihoods, thereby improving their living ability.(2) Based on their own property,the farmers choose right strategies. Because of the external driving force of rural tourism development. Farmers have grown into four types,.these four kinds of farmers’household characteristics are significantly different.(3) Because of the rural tourism development, farmers’livelihoods environment have improved and the level of farmers’livelihoods improved overall. Compareing with2000, four kinds of farmers’natural capital, physical capital and financial capital all have a significant change.However the amplitude of variation of four kinds of farmers different are significantly different.Four kinds of farmers’natural capital all have declined.However their physical capital and financial capital all increased substantially. Tourism farmers livelihoods assets amplitude of variation is significantly more than non-tourist farmers.(4) Local farmer’s human capital and physical capital reserves above social capital and financial capital. And their natural is the lowest in five kinds of livelihoods assets. Overall, local farmers five kinds of capital are relatively scarce, with a large gap between the ideal situation of livelihoods capital. Four farmers’livelihood capital assessment index shows that industry-led famers are lack of multivariate livelihood capital.The values of their livelihood capital are lower than the other three kinds of famers,with higher livelihood vulnerability. Tourism-led farmers’1 ivelihood capital values are higher than non-tourism farmers, with abundant livelihood assets and low livelihood vulnerability.(5) The binary Logistic regression analysis shows:farmers’human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital all have different degrees of influence on their livelihood strategies; farmers’social capital, natural capital and human capital havea greater impact on farmers livelihood strategies choose than physical capital and financial capita; the scale of farm households, total number of adult labour, land resources, the average annual income and access to skills training are key factors that affect farmers livelihood strategy selection.Based on these conclusions, this paper put forwards recommendations to promote the sustainable development for Pacific Valley rural tourism destination, which is important to the achievement of sustainable development between livelihoods of local farmers and rural tourism destination.