| Driven by market and government,market demands of rural tourism have increased and market supply quality have been significantly improved.With the transformation and upgrading of tourist consumption,urban residents began to pursue and yearn for the tranquility of the countryside,as well as green hills and clear streams.The government strongly advocated the development of rural tourism,increasing policies and financial support and accelerating the construction of rural tourism projects.With the support of ich natural resources and rural human resources,more and more countryside start to develop rural tourism,leading to the scale and diversified development of rural tourism.The prosperity of rural tourism has had complex and comprehensive effects on countryside and rural households.According to local socio-economic statistics and survey data of farmers,the development of Mayangxi eco-tourism area will be discus in this paper by using the sustainable livelihood framework.In terms of farmers' livelihood,firstly,farmers are classified according to the existing livelihood methods of farmers and different types of farmers' characteristics of location,income and expenditure structure and participation behavior characteristics are analyzed.Secondly,Differences in livelihood capital reserves and qualityafter development(2016)of rural tourism are analyzed from the perspective of time series;Finally,influence factors of farmers' livelihood strategy choices are analyzed by using logistic regression models to promote the transformation of rural livelihood.In terms of tourism effect,economic,environmental and social cultural effects of rural tourism are objectively described and analyzed and tourism effect are quantitatively analysed and evaluated based on farmers' perception,then the objective analysis conclusion are re-evaluated from the subjective level.Impact of rural tourism on farmers and rural areas are emphasized in this paper,highlighting that rural areas are the carriers and farmers are the direct bearers of rural tourism and concerning about rural development and farmers' livelihood issues.Discussions in this paper showing academic human care,are in accord with policies,such as rural revitalization,tourism poverty alleviation and agricultural modernization,which contribute to the effective integration of farmers and rural areas and sustainable development of rural tourism.Conclusions as below:(1)Driven by rural tourism,a phenomenon of rural-households differentiation appeared.Farmers make rational choices based on their own capital and then they are classified into five types: pure agricultural farmers,migrant workers,tourism migrant workers,tourism management farmers,and mixed farmers.They have significant differences in geographic location characteristics,income sources and expenditurestructure characteristics and behavior characteristics of participation in tourism.Tourism has become a new investment and employment direction for farmers.According to the farmers strategies' degree of correlation to tourism,five types of farmers are further divided into tourism-based farmers,in which tourism migrant farmers and tourism management farmers included,and non-tourist-based farmers,in which pure-agricultural farmers,migrant workers and mixed farmers included.The situation analysis of rural tourism in different stages of development based on time series,indicates that the growth of five types of farmers' livelihood capital is different,while total living capital of local farmers increased.For example,the growth of the livelihood capital of the tourism livelihood farmers is significantly higher than that of the non-tourist livelihood farmers.(2)By constructing a farmer's livelihood capital index system,it can be concluded from the livelihood capital quantitative value table of five types of farmer: total living capital of local farmers is scarce and its evaluation of livelihood index is below 0.5,which is far from the rational situation,and there is a room for improvement in local livelihood capital to a certain degree.For example,the local farmers have a low level of educational quantitative values and most of the local adult labor only finished primary school or junior high school.However,farmers being the provider of rural tourism resources and the recipient of rural tourism,improvement of human capital quality is conducive to the standardization of rural tourism projects,providing high-level and high-quality services.Therefore,government ought to increase investment in education and improve the human capital quality of existing operators and next-generation operators of rural tourism;in addition,the low quantitative value of local farmers obtaining credit loans indicates channels for farmers to obtain funds are narrow.While most farmers start to operate or expand the management of projects,such as farmhouses,homestays,picking gardens and so on,which require the s external financial support for the lack of start-up funds or follow-up funds.Therefore,loan channels need to be expanded,loan mortgage guarantee requirements should be reduced and loan procedures need to be simplified.(3)The analysis of logistic regression model found that the higher the stock and quality of human capital,physical capital,financial capital and social capital owned by farmers,the more they tend to participate in tourism business activities,which has a positive effect and contribute to the transformation of farmers' livelihood;While the more natural capital they own,the more they tend to participate in non-tourism activities,and the livelihood of farmers will remain in original state which have a negative effect.(4)Rural tourism has positive and negative effects on local economy,environment and social culture.The quantitative analysis shows that local farmers in Mayangxi believe that rural tourism has a good effect on local economic and social culture.For example,it is conducive to promoting economic development and increasing employment,as well as improving tourism revenue,infrastructure and public services,protecting cultural and folk activities and enhancing regional superiority and civilized quality and so on.However,there are problems still exist,for example,prices have been rose and gap between rich and poor has been widened;local environment have been influenced and it will bring certain negative effects on local garbage disposal and vegetation protection during rural tourism operations.Based on above research conclusions and the problems found in the research process,it proposes measures to promote the sustainable development of local farmers' livelihoods,rural area and rural tourism industries in this paper. |
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