Research On Energy Efficient Routing Method For WSN

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a key supporting technology of IoT, and it’sresponsible for sensing information and end-network transmission. WSN consists ofnumerous wireless sensors, the energy and communication ability of which are limited, andthey send the sensing data to the information demanders through mutual cooperation.Clustering routing algorithms for WSN divide the nodes in WSN into different clusters.There is a head node in every cluster, the other nodes in the cluster are member nodes, andthey send messages to the cluster head, which is responsible for data fusion and dataforwarding. To solve the problem of unreasonable distribution of cluster heads in WSNclustering routing protocols, as well as to optimize the data transmission between clusters, anovel predictive energy-efficient clustering routing method PEECR is proposed in this paper.In the stage of cluster formation, from the perspective how to select the cluster head, a newenergy-efficient clustering method based on the degree, relative distance and residual energyof nodes is designed, which guarantees that the distribution of cluster heads is uniform, thescale of clusters is balanced, and nodes with high energy act as cluster head preferentially. Inthe stage of steady data transmission, by employing bee colony optimization, a predictive datatransmission strategy between clusters is designed. Taking the expected energy consumptionon a path, hops and propagation delay into account, the definition of good ratio of a path isgiven, according to which we choose the optimal path. Simulation results show that PEECRcan improve the quality of clusters and the whole performance of network, reduce and balancethe energy consumption of the whole network, and prolong the lifetime of network as well.Most of the existing energy-efficient routing protocols always forward packets along theminimum energy path to the sink to merely minimize energy consumption, which causes anunbalanced distribution of residual energy among sensor nodes, and eventually results in anetwork partition. With the help of the concept of potential in physics, this paper designs anenergy-balanced routing protocol (VPF-EBRP) by constructing a mixed virtual potential fieldin terms of depth, energy density, and residual energy. The goal of this approach is to forcepackets to move toward the sink through the dense energy area so as to protect the nodes withrelatively low residual energy. The experimental results show that there are significantimprovements in energy balance, network lifetime, and throughput as compared to thecommonly used energy-efficient routing algorithm.