Research And Optimization On Routing Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is composed of micro intelligent sensors with perception ability, calculation ability and communication ability.Its main functions are information collection of the monitored object, communication and processing tasks by the cooperation between nodes in the supervised area. As most wireless sensor network energy is limited, how to design efficient routing protocol to prolong the network life cycle is a hot research topic. In this paper, we propose a clustering algorithm based on the residual energy of nodes, cluster management mechanism and multiple hops.This paper introduces the developing situation of the wireless sensor network at home and abroad, the network system structure, routing protocol and several kinds of typical routing algorithms. After analyzing several typical clustering algorithms under heterogeneous network, such as LEACH and SEP, we find the characteristics and existing problems of cluster routing algorithms.By adding the parameter γ in the probability of cluster head election, a clustering algorithm based on residual energy for cluster head is proposed. The proposed algorithm makes nodes with more initial energy and residual energy has more election probability in the process of cluster head election，which can balance the energy consumption of the whole network and prolongs the network survival time. At the same time, in order to ensure the quality of network transmission and the number of cluster heads, the strategy of cluster management is introduced in the algorithm. Results of the simulation show that the algorithm has a longer lifetime and more stable capacity of data transmission.Software of wireless sensor network clustering algorithm is designed by GUIDE (graphical user interface development environment). We can view the survival time of network and the total number of packets the base station receives in the different condition of network structures. This software has several main functions, including users can query the history curve and data of four algorithms (LEACH, SEP, DEEC and REMAC) directly, and uses can set the WSN area, base station location, energy ratio a, node number N and clustering algorithm.