The Research On Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Job-housing Separation In Beijing Based On Questionnaire Survey

With the rapid development of economy and urbanization, the scale of city is gradually expanding. At the same time, the urban spatial structure has changed greatly. Among them, the city’s industrial and population suburbanization is increasing gradually. As one of the typical big cities, Beijing’s population suburbanization phenomenon is obvious, but the degree of industrial suburbanization and population suburbanization is not synchronized, which leads to the emergence of separation of employment place and resident place. The great pressure on traffic from the job-housing separation has seriously hindered the sustainable development of Beijing and the urban space structure of Beijing needs to be optimized urgently. Therefore, the research on characteristics and influencing factors of job-housing separation in Beijing can provide reference and basis for the formation of the new pattern and the sustainable development of Beijing city.Firstly, I chose six central areas and three suburban areas in Beijing as sample areas, conducting a survey about individual social and economic attributes, family situation, moves situation, housing situation, commuting situation, residence situation of 500 samples. Based on the survey data and statistical yearbook data, I analyzed job-ho us ing separation characteristics of Beijing from population moves, spatial distribution characteristics of employment place and resident place, commuting trips characteristics. Through establishing the binary Logit model and multivariate linear regression model, I studied influencing factors of residential location choice and job-housing separation. Then, I chose four international metropolis of Tokyo, New York, London and Paris as the objects of case analysis, analyzed spatial distribution characteristics of employment place and resident place of these cities from distribution characteristics and variation of resident population, distribution characteristics and variation of employment population, characteristics and variation of job-housing relationship.The study finds that residential and employed population in Beijing city are mainly distributed in urban centers, and the degree of job-housing separation of each area becomes more serious. The main factors influencing residential location choice are the degree of traffic convenience, commuting time, housing area and residential environment. The factors affecting job-housing separation include traffic factors and housing property rights besides family situation, residential area type, location factors, migration numbers. The resident population of four international typical cities is concentrated in the peripheral region, and the employment population gathers in the peripheral region of the city in addition to Tokyo. From the center to the edge of the city, the degree of job-housing separation presents decreasing trend. In view of the present situation of job-housing separation in Beijing, the government should take the measures of improving the public transport system, optimizing the living environment, increasing the share of policy houses to guide the residential population to shift to the suburbs continually. At the same time, it is necessary to evacuate the employment population of the central areas through encouraging some enterprises to spread to the periphery areas.