The Research Of Majiang Battle

Ma Jiang war is under the influence of guanyinqiao event, broke out a Sino-French war following the first battle of JiLong. Which is Chinese Navy and The West Navy combat for the first time in the modern history of China,which lasted a total of seven days, the Qing army casualties reached more than 2,000 people,the French army victory and Qing defeat in the end. Since the battle of research work carried out, there have been many controversial issues waiting to be solved. In a historical building, is relatively abundant. Among them, the "Shenbao" in Majiang battle sent the first war correspondent field exploration interview, also issued a lot of reports about the Majiang battle, become the research Majiang battle first-hand information. Previous research results including papers and monographs, but there is still some deficiencies, in the form of research paper writing and try to solve the Majiang battle many debatable problem.Majiang battle since the Vietnam war. Vietnam is China’s "vassal state" in history, the Qing government has responsibility for dealing with the problem of Vietnam’s border. Shanxi and Bei Ning fell one after another, the operational situation of the Qing army negative, Cixi by replacement of all the opportunities for general machine, more authoritarian. Li Hongzhang and Fulunuo peace talks, agreed on the army to withdraw from Vietnam, but no exact time, resulting in the later "Guanyin bridge incident". The French army make Guanyin bridge incident as an excuse, and then make the Courbet commander in the Far East three branch divisions into the southeast coast of China, want to take Fuzhou and Jilong, combat Fujian naval and occupied Jilong, to achieve "occupied somewhere". Guanyin bridge incident, Zeng Guo-quan and French Minister bud of the peace talks, but the court rejected claims lead to peace talks came to nothing. Liu Ming-chuan also came to Taiwan ready to act, in the first battle of Jilong, the command properly let Lishi-bi back to the sea.Majiang is the river which is Minjiang after shunting in Mawei near the river, from Mawei to Minjiang mouth stretching up to eighty in water. Mawei is one of the most important place, Mawei Port at that time is not only private merchant ships and cargo distribution, Mawei local Qing government also set up the Fuzhou Dockyard. Which shows the strategic position of Mawei Port is very important. There is an island upstream of the MaJiang star, a star mountain on the island. Two difficult terrain of Fort located in Majiang north and south sides of the Strait, is on the north shore of Nagato fort, south bank is gold fort. From the cauda to Nagato Magan’s basin terrain, with the resist invasion of all day location excellent natural conditions. Since Courbet in the name of "travel" into the Majiang, Majiang is in the strained state of readiness, especially parked in the cauda equina Luoxing island near the river and a number of French warships, Zhang Pei-lun ordered China’s troop and method will execute "Mixed with enemy", both sides in the confrontation state. In addition, we assigned a lot of Majiang fort on the coast, Fujian Navy also temporarily recruited many soldiers in the water. Chinese garrison commander in the cauda equina is mainly Zhang Pei-lun and He Ru-zhang, guarding the Nagato is Mu tu-shan, and the soul of the French forces is Courbet. The Sino French war will be triggered at any moment.Majiang battle is divided into four stages. First stage is mawei war, Courbet ordered twoFrench torpedo boat attack respectively China "yangwu" and "fuxing", No.46 torpedo boat quickly completed the task, "yangwu" instantly sank. In the face of No.45 torpedo boat attack, "fuxing" fought back, so that the two sides into the fierce attack, in just 30 minutes, Fujian Navy is annihilated. The second stage is the French ship shelling Mawei shipyard, August 24, French ships under the leadership of Courbet while the rise of the tide came to the shore of the cauda equina, in front of the shipyard were hours of shelling, the shipyard destroyed. The third stage is the French ships destroyed fort, since the beginning of the afternoon of the 25th, ship one by one for Majing coastal forts and demolished, only the Nagato survived because Mutu good stick. The fourth stage is Nagato engage in fierce battle, Qing Mu tu-shan good led several times to beat back the attack of the French army, French army in the afternoon of 29, leaving the Minjiang River Estuary.Majiang battle there are many controversial issues have been inconclusive, this article makes the necessary textual research and description. Among them, Li Hong-zhang and Zhang Pei-lun are not Majing defeated the culprit, we have reason to believe that the Qing Dynasty government headed by the empress is the culprit defeated. In the "name", think "majianghaizhan" is far fetched, and called "Majiang battle" is not controversial. The Chinese ship command Zhang Cheng initiative to give up the "Yangwu", the wartime fight shy away. Zhang Pei-lun with shipping minister He Ru-zhang as the Chinese frontline combat command during the War battles to escape after the war. To the Court played said struggled to resist, absurd at this point, it is shameful. Courbet died of rumors is not correct, Courbet in Majiang battle has not died, but eventually died on the island of Penghu. So and so on.Fujian Navy in 30 minutes annihilated, the fundamental reason is feudal decadent and corrupt system of the Qing Dynasty officials in corruption, and the main reason should belong to the army commander in chief Zhang Pei-lun incompetence and Fujian naval combat force is too weak. The second reason can be regarded as Chinese arms backward and French pre emptive. In addition, there are Zhang Pei-lun "Mixed with enemy" strategy led directly to the Fujian Navy division within a very short time rapid downfall annihilated.The status of the Majiang battle in the Sino French war is very important. Guangxu decade of July 6th, the Qing government decree officially announced to the law of war, requires the commander to take the initiative to attack in Tonkin was garrisoned by the French army. After the battle, the Chinese side has taken a positive strategy, passive defense for the initiative to attack. Majiang battle is the watershed of the Sino French war, in addition, the French army aggravated the bargaining chip in the negotiations, the invasion of Taiwan process is greatly accelerated. The Qing Dynasty, the minister is more towards the war, the Qing government officially declared war on. People more angry xenophobia, west powers are also actively involved in the "mediation" in france.