Afresh Search On The Cause Of Majiang Defeated

In the1880’s, after the franco-prussian war which is great shame of France, wants to show a hard line in foreign policy, to regain power. As It is experiencing the westernization movement to change, the military has been holding its modernization road of China, also try to take a hard line in foreign affairs.The sino-french war is a major event in the history of modern Chinese, the French invaded Vietnam, covet China, and expanded the war to the southeast coast of China. War is divided into two phases, the first phase of the battlefield in north Vietnam, The second phase of expanding into the Chinese southeast coast.On August23,1884, the French advanced into the Fuzhou Majiang advantage within the ships were savagely attacked ships to China, the Chinese navy snap action, suddenly, the eleven battleships or sink or injury, officers and soldiers at yad vashem, nearly eight hundred people. Majiang campaign in China creates the modern navy for the first time after the actual combat, although failed, but the significance is significant. It effects the future of China’s military construction, especially the naval construction have profound effects.Study of sino-french war, the predecessors’ achievements. Specifie campaign in the sino-french war research, Majiang academic research was involved in most, is also the most in-depth study.This paper focuses on the analysis of Fujian navy, including the source of soldiers, wartime performance, etc, shows its weakness is the first cause of Majiang defeat.Fujian navy soldiers is the original, also the part of stragglers transformation, the other part is temporary recruited before the war. The soldiers don’t practice, and with bad habits, no discipline. Backed by the war, and fish in troubled waters. The outcome of the war decision is soldiers fighting capacity, and the lack of quality team is doomed to defeat. Compared to other defeat reason, such as the Qing government and indefinite, in fact, in the late Qing, government as the Chinese authorities, although has its reactionary internally, but to the interests of the state, or the best efforts, in the face of the French invaders and indefinite just according to the situation and make the strategy adjustment, itself has no right or wrong. A series acts of the Qing government, in tact, such as win support from the international public opinion on the diplomatic and military deployment, etc, to resist invasion of France, is play a role in order to reduce the loss of state. Another view is Majiang sum in the war on Li Hong-zhang avoid defeat sin, which is unfair. In modern history, China’s foreign, a series of reparations treaty is signed by the prime minister Li Hong-zhang, a lot of people think the diplomatic failure due to Li Hong-zhang who is a traitor. Actually, disorder diplomacy, national strength determines the beneficiary of the treaty, the lag of modem China is destined to be beaten, lee all diplomatic agreement is signed by the Qing government authorization, the content of the individual is unable to decide what Mr Li did about diplomatic treaty.Some think Majiang routed by Zhang Pei-lun’s unknow, this is one-sided exaggerated role as an imperial commissioner, but, Zhang Pei-lun who is the Qing government sent him to bid, and not by his troops to the war, although his strategic and tactical thinking may have an effect on Majiang’s generals at the time, but the real battlefield is not himself, but the Fujian navy officers and soldiers. At the same time, we have to admit, compared with the contemporary feudal bureaucrat, Zhang Pei-lun is not ineffective, while campaigning, he volunteered to Majiang the front visible is to want to do something, at least he is courageous. Or failure due to French attack on the war, is a bit far-fetched, because before the fighting began the French fleet has been hoarding in January for Majiang, both sides have been confrontation, China also has carried on the depth of military readiness. Can only say that because at that time national strength is weak, the Chinese did not dare to pre-emptive, the first gun of the war is only the French side to pull the trigger.At the same time, however, France made military initiative, passive in diplomacy, on the international public opinion, France as invaders, diplomacy is to blame. And the weakness of the French diplomatic is China’s strength. And view the defeat to Chinese weapons behind more appear too exaggerated the role of and ignore the forces in the war. Besides, in terms of objective, the method of both sides of the weapons are not as different as people imagine.Majiang campaign ended in the failure, but the Qing government was able to digest, and tried to reform the army. So, to summarize war failure reason is far more important than the war itself. Majiang defeat is not an accident, more is not a single reason, analyses the reason of Majiang defeat from the more convenient to consider, there are several reasons for the defeat, we should grasp the main reason.