| Zhang Pei-lun (1848-1903) was a representative of Qingliu in the late of Qing dynasty, also the actual participants Sino-French Majiang campaign, and a famous figure in the history of Chinese modern history. For a long time, the research on Zhang Pei-lun was less, this article try to research the battle of thought for research of the battle, discuss the origin of the French battle thought, content and practice from the perspective of intellectual history, and compared with horizontal history contemporary feudal ministers putting it in the background, also gave it the relevant historical evaluation. broaded academic history research about Zhang Pei-lun.This article first from the frontier crisis in the late Qing dynasty, the influence of internal war, the Qing court and controversy, as well as the individual factors in three aspects to talk about the battle thought French origin of Zhang Pei-lun. The proliferation of the frontier crisis in the late Qing dynasty, the internal war and controversy in Qing court, and by the feudal traditional education itself, personal character, and the official career experience before the Sino-French war,were the source of the French firm battle thoughts. The French aggression to Vietnam, And then to invade our country Guangdong and Yunnan border, And after the United States, Japan, Britain, and the invasion of sea and land border, to see the imperialist powers Zhang Pei-lun thoroughly ambitions, more determined his resolve to world war, promoted the generation of his idea.The invasion of the step by step in France, Zhang Pei-lun put forward the strategic thought of its military and his foreign resist invasion thought and has carried on the practice in the Majiang battle. Before the Sino-French war, he opposed dcompromise and concessions, preparing for the battle, analysising the international situation, and come up with correct advice, advocated actively, in order to war and Palestine military strategic thought. Then he put forward it in the Sino-French War, resisted invasion thought missteps is the root cause of the outside continuously, use of the contradiction between the powers to deal with the French, strengthening military confront France resist invasion. These ideas advocated although can’t really stop the invasion of powers, but his military strategy and political vision boycotted the ringleader ching internal compromise to a certain extent, a firm scholar-bureaucrat to defend motherland border determination to safeguard national dignity, and put it in practice of the battle of The Majiang battle. But because the Qing court battle, and uncertainty, his combat ability, foreign aid be cut off, lead to its pre-emptive program did not have to be agreed, ships from bureau of plan doesn’t have to go through, stick to the failure of the ship, led to completely annihilated at the end. ended his political career. But his efforts for the Majiang campaign, Aafeudal literati of patriotism and a cavity patriotic ideal were not allow to be obliterated.As a representative of the hawk, the last this article will Zhang Peilun to battle, and the same hawk Zhang Zhi-dong, Zeng Ji-ze and doveish minister Li Hong-zhang to make comparison,from their uncompromising attitude and practice, the results, battle strategy, main purpose, make transverse comparison. This article Discussed Zhang Pei-lun in Sino-French War this special historical period of main battle thought development.Through the above analysis and discussion, in this paper the main battle of Zhang Pei-lun thoughts history, Zhang Pei-lun was a feudal Confucian literati temperament, eager to officials, achieve the life ideal to the country and the emperor. But due to the age and the limitation of the system, as well as their own experience, his battle with ideal in theory thoughts, but it also has a certain practicality, due to the lack of the Qing dynasty rule policy and its own military quality, so his thoughts with scholar Dianrong and the contradiction between body and spirit were already tragical. |
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