The Discusstion Of Sino-French Battle Of Tuyên Quang

Tuyen Quang battle is in the Sino-French war late in the Qing road west organization of important combat on the battlefield. Slumped over 36 days, is from passive against the enemy to the start of the initiative, the Qing army casualties before and after nearly 4,000, finally ended in the army was forced to retreat. On the existing research of Tuyen Quang China is quite weak, in addition to the part of the book somewhat involved, only two evaluation slumped in a paper published, far less research of France. Method in this paper in order to both sides of the compilation, on the basis of historical documents and public or private account of both which authenticity, probe the reason, the story of the battle of Tuyen Quang an investigation, or evaluate its merit.Historical method in both sides to leave prison, but less than other battles, according to the historical value of different Chinese historical data can be divided into two categories:one kind is embedded file documents, the throne and officers diary; Second type is the memoirs of the client, the bystander. The former is the basic historical data from the battle front, belongs to the original first-hand historical data; After comprehensive the sides of the latter is to make a summary of account, a macroscopic may be stronger. France about the existing historical materials of Tuyen Quang, mainly stored in the French navy archives, the foreign ministry archives and related personnel’s memoirs. But unfortunately didn’t find war service reports, telegrams and fighting forces combat log. Both methods have different historical records, general differences, credible degree is different. Scientific analysis of these historical data, necessary to correct understanding of a prison.The outbreak of the Guan Yin Qiao events, France found to expand the war, in spite of the Qing court repeatedly concession, determined to expand the war, blazing to China. Attack on Ma Wei and laid siege to Tai Wan, Qing court in a rage to declare war. Powers in national "mediation", but all failed. The Qing government tried to "return north mind" but defeat Kep and Chu. It is in the east of Tuyen Quang service under the condition of losing broke out. Its strategic purpose, aims to recover first Tuyen Quang, tapping in Thai-Nguyen, north mind what two lines on the battlefield network it complicit in the Qing army, and conquer Hanoi, the French mind out of the north Vietnam.As the capital of Vietnam Tuyen Quang province, Tuyen Quang city is the channel into China’s Yun Nan province, is of great strategic significance to water and land transportation hub, as the military a hotly contested spot, in the north of Vietnam the mind is very important strategic position. And the hills, stone walls, relief, it is easy to keep difficult tapping location, especially the French value, is the French west important military stronghold. Tuyen Quang city belonged to the black flag army headquarters, early June 1884 by the French occupation. Tuyen Quang defence,608 people, the French commander for Domine major. And siege Tuyen Quang before and after the Qing army more than 10000 people, by the Yun Gui governor Cen YuYing commander, army of YunNan Ding Huai department, and Tang Jingsong Jing Jun He Xiulin department is responsible for the besieged fortress, the black flag army of Liu yong fu drag the river reinforcements in Yuoc. Both sides respectively, both inside and outside the Tuyen Quang city built fortifications, ready to fight.Before the siege, Yun Nan army with black flag army defeated the French reinforcements for many times, but in the November 19,1884, let the legal aid into the city, supply the troops guarding city. On December 21, the French army by the heavy fog weather sneak attack Wu Feng dian department. During the siege of Tuyen Quang, Jing, Dian two army launched seven times charge, using the method of "roll grass", to the camp, sent death squads,but did not get it under attack. French eastern army get immediately after the signing Tuyen Quang, legal aid, left the black flag army in loss to the Yuoc. The Qing can’t resist and retreat Tuyen Quang battle ended.But with more of the people, the Qing army entrenched the city of just over 600 people alone, for why failed to conquer the Tuyen Quang. The author thinks that in addition to the French to failing, higher quality, better weapons, and easy to keep difficult tapping Tuyen Quang castle factors, such as the lack of the Qing army fighting capacity is the main reason. These reasons are:weapons study carrier, the military discipline and lack of agile and efficient modern military command system and siege experience, something the two line in our strategic mistake, tactical use undeserved, did not handle the relationship between the city and reinforcements, coupled with lack of logistics, etc.Indeed, there are moments of Tuyen Quang service, its basically has:muzzle the French in the corner, in the eastern French attack after Langson, commander in chief, also Briere de l’Isle immediately sent Giovaninelli rate of 3,000 reinforcements Tuyen Quang,leaving only the nigel Negrier left-behind Langson. To decrease due to the eastern side of French troops, influenced the French army on the eastern front will not be able to continue to march into, for can triumph has created favorable conditions. Trapped by the French in lonely city, for the west about potential the enemy opened up. In addition, still consumes the effectives of the French, the French army as the siege of Tuyen Quang paid a terrible price, guarding city French losses, to aid the French have been fighters, losses from 300 to 400 people Yuoc battle alone. Depletion of the superimposed effect accelerates the French government and the Qing court of peace. Strategically, neither changes the Sino-French war Qing has been passive situation, the implementation method of the transition from the defensive to the offensive of the war, also eliminate the "Fear of foreigners" officers and men, become a model for modern foreign wars. Pioneered in the siege "Rolling grass", formed the earth battalion, tunnels, mines, in combination of depth and defense system, provide experience for the war against aggression.