The Mongol Conquest And Domination In Baghdad

From the end of 12 th century to the beginning of 13 th century, the Mongols unified Mongol tribes under Genghis Khan’s leadership. Under Genghis Khan and other Mongolian nobles, they launched three foreign war shortly after the establishment of the Mongol Empire. Through the first two expedition, the Mongol Empire extended to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Mongke Khan launched the third expedition in 1251 in order to expand the territory and finished his grandfather Genghis Khan’s wishes as well. The main objective of this action is to suppress Isma’īlī, put down Abbasid dynasty of Baghdad and Ayyubid dynasty of Syria.On the other hand, the Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad already fell into a decline before the arrival of the Mongols. It has been nomadic conquered twice time, namely Buwayhids and Seljuks. Caliph’s power was in recession. He can only appoint vizier, and his field management is also reduced to one or two provinces. With their narrow political power, caliph’s spiritual power subsequently challenged by Spain, North Africa and Central Asia’s Caliphate. Within the Empire, there are faction struggles between Sunnis and Shiites, sharp social conflicts, economic recession and many other issues.This thesis is divided into three parts to discuss the Mongol conquest and domination of Baghdad:The first part discusses the historical background of Hulagu expedition. This part talk about the weak of Abbasid dynasty and the rise of Mongol Empire. I shall analysis the performance and reasons behind Abbasid internal weakness, discuss the two mongol expedition before Hulagu conquer.Part II discusses Hulagu conquered Baghdad. This portion timeline for clues, elaborated on the process of Hulagu conquered Baghdad. Furthermore, it analyzes the Mongol Empire launched the third expedition motivation.The third section discusses the rule of Il-Khanate in Baghdad. Hulagu began to reconstruction and management Baghdad soon after he conquered it. This part collecting a lot of historical resource, talk about the Il-Khanate how to rule Baghdad, mainly analyze political, economic, religious and other systems.This part also talks about the effects of Mongol rule in Baghdad. There is no doubt that the Mongol conquest of Baghdad brought incalculable damage to the people of Baghdad, but their rebuilding and rule in Baghdad objectively promote the recovery and development of Baghdad. This section attempts from both the perspective of dialectical discussion Mongol invasion and domination influence brought to Baghdad.