The Power Structure Of The Mongol Empire (13th-14th Centuries)

This article dwells on the ruling class and the core of power, which constituted by the Chinggis Qan and his offsprings, and the nobles from ruling tribes who attached themselves to Qan's family. In this article, author collects, tranlats and comments the persian documents written in 13?14th century, compares them with the Chinese history works. Moreover, the article discusses the Land Apportionment in early mongol empire, the marrige parters and the Dual-Administrative structure, to discussed the fomation and the variation of the political institution in Mongol Empire. Comparing the political institutions in different khanates, the article proposes there was a homologous origins of the institution of the power assignment, which was inherited from the early era and changed later.The author indicates:firstly, as a fringe region originally, Qara Qorum was exalted as the core area of whole Mongol World Empire in final. This process indicated that the tensional relationship between the Ogedei's and Tolei's family. They were primary competitors of the Throne of the khanate. Accompanying with the invasion of mongols, they spread the mode of land apportionment to conquered areas. The author indicates that Land Apportionment was introduced by the mongols into sedentary society from the steppe. Consequently, this practice evinced several unique characteristics:it was not based on the traditional Chinese district system, but on the census (population-based) system developed under Mongol rule. Then, speaking from a broader perspective, political struggles within different factions of the Great Qan's family also had a major influence on changes in apanage. Secondly, the empress, the families of marrige parters played a crucial character in early era of mongol history. Thirdly, there were two different styles of officials in the central agencies of Yuan dynasty. The mongol generals, the tribal rulers and the bureaucracies selected from sedentary societies constituted the central agencies, but they represented the different power bases and acted as different political charactors seperately.