Research On The Constituents And The Immuologic Activities Of Polysaccharide From Oreorchis Patens

The plant of Oreorchis patens(Lindl.) Lindl. is a perennial herb with appertain blanco belong to Oreorchis genus, Orchidaceae family. And the pseudobulb is used for medicine as one kind of Cremastra Appendiculata(Shancigu) drugs in folk, and is called “Bing Qiuzi”. The drug has the sweet, acrid, cold favor, with a slight toxin. There are the functions of stasis detoxification, insecticide carbuncle, nourishing lung, reducing phlegm and relieving a cough. Currently most of the marketing drugs are wild origins, and the artificial cultivation technology is not yet successful. As people increased demand, the resources is showing signs of shortage. Therefore, the development of the plants with a big output in the Changbai Mountain area as a complement to Shancigu has a more practical significance.The experiment is divided into two parts, first is about reviewing the Shancigu, and the results show that domestic and foreign research literature is less; and the second is the research parts, which include: microscopic identification; lipid chemical composition analysis; pharmacological activity.Research results as the followings:(1) Research on the pharmacognosy The methods of original plant identification, character identification, microscopic identification were used. Chines Pharmacopoeia edition appendix methods is as a reference to determine the extract content. The results show that firstly the water extracts of the cold soak method are all more than 7.10 %, the hot-dip method more than 8.08 %; and the secondly the alcohol extract with 75 % ethanol as a solution, hot dipping method, is more than 9.02 %。(2) Monomer compounds separation and purification The monomer compounds in the Shancigu drugs were separated with silica gel column chromatography, and their chemical structures were analyzed with NMR H and C. Seven single substances were obtained, and five compounds are identified as β- sitosterol, Triphyllol, Quinol, 7- hydroxyl- 2,4- dimethoxy- 1-(p- hydroxybenzyl) phenanthrene, β- daucosterol. There are isolated form the herbs first time.(3) Optimization of polysaccharide extraction. The orthogonal experiment and response surface experiments were used in the optimized polysaccharide extraction, and the influencing factors of material to liquid ratio, extraction time and frequency were analyzed. Orthogonal test results consistent with the response surface, and the optimum extraction conditions were identified as solid- liquid ratio is 1:35, extraction time is 106 min and extracte two times. Polysaccharide extraction rate was 23.65%, has the 17.78 % increase.(4) Polysaccharide Immunocompetence The intraperitoneal injection cyclophosphamide was used in inducing immunosuppressed mice, and the mice were fed the drug. It is measured that include the thymus index, delayed hupersensitivity, serum hemolusin and phagocytosis and NK cell activity. The results show that the high, medium and low dose of the polysaccharide have very significant impact on improving the spleen index(P <0.01), and the high dose(270 mg / kg) had significant effects(P <0.05) to all immune index. This means that high doses of polysaccharide play an improving role in immunocompromised mice.