| Objectives: To achieve the following purposes, we did a cross-sectional survey through the pure apple juice intervention method for rural children aged 9-12 in Longxi county, Gansu Province.(1) Comprehending the nutritional status, dietary structure and growth level of rural children aged 9-12;(2) Evaluating the combined effect of pure apple juice for improving the dietary nutrition status and growth level of children in western rural poverty areas;(3) Furtherly exploring the effective measures based on practical in the west and to provide basic data and policy suggestions for government departments to carry out the student nutrition work efficiently.Methods:1. This study was conducted among 3-6 grade students from 6 primary schools in Longxi county for their dietary nutrition, height, weight, skinfold thickness and other physical examination by cluster random sampling.2. All participants were divided into two groups, intervention and control group, each group were about 150 students according to the result of cross-sectional survey. The first intervention group students drank 250 ml apple juice beverage; The second intervention group students drank250 ml apple juice beverage every other day; The control group students didn’t add apple juice drink. While, all the students kept normal diet.3. Dietary investigation and physical examination. The nutrients and dietary structure of individual intake were obtained by food frequency survey, 3 consecutive 24-hour recalls using CDGSS software. The data of height, weight, skinfold thickness and circumference were obtained by measuring. BMI, sebum rate, height and chest circumference index were calculated from the above data. After checking and correcting, data were inputted into the Epidata software of double entry, with statistical analysis by SPSS17.0 software. Chi-square test and t-test methods for statistical inference were used depending on the type of data and analysis purposes.Results:1.There were 452 children involved with the project, including 221 boys(48.89%), 231 girls(51.11%); 92 9-year-old children, accounting for 20.35%; a total of 86 10-year-old children(19.03%); 145 11-year-old children(32.08%).There is a total of 129 12-year-old children,accounting for 28.54%. Their fathers’ ages were between 40- 50 years old and their education degree most are in high school culture; Their mothers’ average ages were less than 40 years old,with mostly education degree was low as the primary school and below.2. The nutritional status of rural 9-12-year-old children in Longxi county, Gansu province were not optimistic. Dietary structure was unreasonable: the average daily intake of fruits was less than 80.1 g; The average daily intake of vegetables was further lower than the recommended standards of 90.0 g; The average daily intake of fats and oils was 36.3 g, significantly higher than the recommended amount. Intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals were lack in different level. Three nutriments energize were unreasonable, the proportion of fat was high. 42.48% students were intake of high quality protein just less than 30% of the total protein.The intake of fat for 77.65% of children was mainly gained from plant-based foods. The intake of iron for all crowd was from plant-derived foods.3.The average height, weight, chest lines, waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold thickness of tricep, skinfold thickness of inferior angle of scapula and abdominal skinfold thickness of the 9-12-year-old children were respectively 139.64 cm,32.70 kg,62.92 cm,62.89 cm,70.28 cm,12.69 mm,9.43 mm and 11.45 mm. All indexes increased on the rise, along with the age growth peak in 11-12 years of age.4. Malnutrition, overweight and obesity existed simultaneously. The rate of grow logy was3.98% and the rate of emaciation was 12.39%, with the rate of malnutrition 16.37%. The rate of overweight was 3.54% and obesity was 2.43%, with the merged rate 5.97%. The rate of mild,moderate, severe obesity among boys were accounted for 4.52%, 2.26% and 0.45% respectively.The rate of mild, moderate, severe obesity among girls was accounted for 5.19%, 3.46% and2.16% respectively. From the point of thoracic developmental level, the rate of narrow, medium and broad chest were accounted for 45.80%,33.41% and 20.80%, respectively.5.Supplement of pure apple juice improved the students’ eating behaviors and promoted the absorption of vitamins and minerals. After the intervention, the students’ intake of potassium,calcium, magnesium and iron each daily increased in the first intervention group and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The students’ intake of vitamin C, potassium,calcium, magnesium, iron and phosphorus each daily increased in the second intervention group and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). In the control group, the students’ intake of potassium and phosphorus increased before and after matching, and the difference had statistical significance(P < 0.05).6.After the intervention, the number of children whose intake of calcium, magnesium, ironattained recommended standards were increased in the first intervention group and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). The number of children whose intake of vitamin C,potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus attained recommended standards were increased in the second intervention group and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).In the control group, the number of children whose intake of vitamin C increased before and after matching,and the difference had statistical significance(P < 0.05).7.After the intervention, the measurements of all study subjects in height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold thickness of tricep, skinfold thickness of inferior angle of scapula, abdominal skinfold thickness had no statistical difference(P>0.05). After the intervention, the measurements of all study subjects in chest circumference increased, with differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05).8.After the intervention, the detection rate of malnutrition, overweight and obesity had no statistical difference in the first intervention group and control group(P>0.05). The detection rate of growth retardation and malnutrition decreased and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion: The dietary structure of 9-12-year-old children was unreasonable in Longxi county, Gansu province, with the intake of vegetables and fruits further lower than the recommended standards. Intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals were lack in different level. The intake of high quality protein was lower, while the contribute rate of fat in total energy were higher. Malnutrition, overweight and obesity existed simultaneously. Growth retardation and emaciation were serious, while obesity and overweight were not serious.Supplement of pure apple juice has improved the students’ eating behaviors, promoted the absorption of vitamins and minerals, reduced the detection rate of malnutrition and improved the nutrition and health conditions of children. |
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