Status And Influential Factors Of Health Selfmanagement Of The Elderly In Hebei Areas

Objectives To understand the status and analyze the influential factors of the health self-management in the elderly people of Hebei。Methods During July 2012 to May 2013, Totally 6173 elderly people aged 60 years and above were recruited in three regions of Hebei Province by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, they were investigated with questionnaires, including general information survey of elderly people(age, gender, marital status, educational level,income, chronic disease, et al), AHSMSRS, FAD, ADL and SSRS. All data were established with EXCEL and analyzed with SPSS13.0 package. Specific methods:Univariate analysis of measurement data were performed using ANOVA analysis or t test independent sample, the variables of multivariate analysis from the univariate analysis with statistical significance: education level, marital status, life satisfaction, income,income needs, the type of health insurance, pension insurance, psychological symptoms,activities of daily living, chronic disease types, the family functioning, number of children, and communication with their children as independent variables, three dimensions of health self-management and the total score as the dependent variables, for taking multiple linear regression analysis.Results 1 The status of health self-management in the elderly people: The score of the elderly’s health self-management behaviors was(3.53±0.78), The score of the elderly’s health self-management environment was(3.69±0.82), The score of the elderly’s health self-management cognitive was(4.24±0.58), Total average was(3.83±0.60). Health self-management in the elderly people of Hebei presented the characteristics of "high cognitive and low behavioral ". The elderly’s health self-management scores were higher in urban and male elderly people, and declining with age. 2 Single factor analysis of health self-management in the elderly people. ①The total average scores of health self-management were significant in marital status, education level, life satisfaction, income, income needs,the type of health insurance, pension insurance, psychological symptoms, activities of daily living, chronic disease types, stroke, sleep disorders, social support, family functioning, number of children, and communication with their children(P<0.01);②The scores of health self-management behaviors were significant in marital status, education level,life satisfaction, income, income needs, the type of health insurance, pension insurance,psychological symptoms, activities of daily living, chronic disease types, stroke, arthritis or rheumatism, diabetes, osteoporosis, sleep disorders, social support, family functioning,number of children, and communication with their children(P<0.01). ③ The scores of health self-management environment were significant in marital status, education level,life satisfaction, income, income needs, the type of health insurance, pension insurance,psychological symptoms, activities of daily living, stroke, sleep disorders, social support,family functioning, number of children, and communication with their children(P<0.01).④ The scores of health self-management cognitive were significant in marital status,education level, life satisfaction, income, income needs, the type of health insurance,pension insurance, psychological symptoms, activities of daily living, chronic disease types, stroke, sleep disorders, social support, family functioning, number of children, and communication with their children(P<0.01). 3 Multiple factors analysis of health selfmanagement in the elderly people: ①The main influential factors arranged from high to low of health self-management total level were: family functioning, sleep disorders,social support, communication with their children, pension insurance, income needs,psychological symptoms, life satisfaction, activities of daily living, education level and chronic disease types. ②The main influential factors arranged from high to low of health self-management behaviors were: sleep disorders, social support, family functioning,communication with their children, pension insurance, diabetes, income needs, life satisfaction, activities of daily living and education level. ③The main influential factors arranged from high to low of health self-management environment were: family functioning, social support, communication with their children, sleep disorders, pension insurance, income needs, life satisfaction, activities of daily living and education level.④ The main influential factors arranged from high to low of health self-management cognitive were: family functioning, psychological symptoms, sleep disorders,communication with their children, social support, pension insurance, income needs,number of children, life satisfaction, chronic disease types and education level.Conclusions 1 The total score of the elderly’s health self-management was(3.83 ±0.60), The elderly’s health self-management presented the characteristics of "high cognitive and low behavioral". The elderly’s health self-management scores were higher in urban and male elderly people, and declining with age. 2 Multiple factors analysis showed that the factors associated with health self-management total average were:family functioning, sleep disorders, social support, communication with their children,pension insurance, income needs, psychological symptoms, life satisfaction, activities of daily living, education level and chronic disease types; psychological symptoms, number of children,diabetes weretheinfluentialfactorsofindividualdimensions.