| Objective To analysis refractive states in a 0.5-3 years old population, discover the growing regularity of visual acuity and its epidemiological risk, to early detect and treat refractive integrity and find away to screen refractive error about the infants.Method To analysis statistically the screening results of 4910 infants (9712 eyes) aged 0.5～3y in Wuhan. Five visual development stages were demonstrated by 0.5～1y、1～1.5y、1.5～ 2y、2～2.5y、2.5～3y. The development and distribution of refraction were analyzed.Result 1.Spherical equivalence:0.96±0.97DS in 0.5～1y,0.91 ±0.87DS in 1-1.5y,0.84±0.87DS in 1.5～2y,0.79±0.73DS in 2～2.5y,0.83±0.70DS in 2.5～3y. Comparing these different groups of SE:There was statistic significances of SE between the group aged 0.5 to 1 years and the group aged 1.5 to 2 years (P<0.05). There was statistic significances of SE between the group aged 0.5 to 1 years and the group aged 2 to 2.5 years (P<0.05). There was statistic significances of SE between the group aged 0.5 to 1 years and the group aged 2.5 to 3 years (P<0.05). There was statistic significances of SE between the group aged 1 to 1.5 years and the group aged 2 to 2.5 years (P<0.05).2. The incidence rate of ametropia in infants aged 0.5 to 1 years was 20.6%(356 eyes). The incidence rate of ametropia in infants aged 1 to 1.5 years was 10.7%(190 eyes). The incidence rate of ametropia in infants aged 1.5 to 2 years was 7.2%(136 eyes). The incidence rate of ametropia in infants aged 2 to 2.5 years was 7.0%(116 eyes). The incidence rate of ametropia in infants aged 2.5 to 3 years was 5.5%(146 eyes). The rate of abnormal refractive error in infants was 9.72%. It was from great to small as infants grew older in 0.5-3y.3.3.76% of the differences of spherical diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 0.5 to 1 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 5.75%.7.98% of the differences of cylinder diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 0.5 to 1 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 3.17% in infants aged 0.5 to 1 years.5.55% of the differences of spherical diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 1 to 1.5 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 2.54%.6.59% of the differences of cylinder diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 1 to 1.5 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 2.54% in infants aged 1 to 1.5 years.4.40% of the differences of spherical diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 1.5 to 2 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 1.94%.6.34% of the differences of cylinder diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 1.5 to 2 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 1.61% in infants aged 1.5 to 2 years.1.95% of the differences of spherical diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 2 to 2.5 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 3.17%.4.87% of the differences of cylinder diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 2 to 2.5 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 2.80% in infants aged 2 to 2.5 years.1.59% of the differences of spherical diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 2.5 to 3 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 1.66%.2.42% of the differences of cylinder diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 2.5 to 3 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 1.36% in infants aged 2.5 to 3 years.3.30% of the differences of spherical diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 0.5 to 3 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 2.86%.5.34% of the differences of cylinder diopter needed to have health care in infants aged 0.5 to 3 years. The abnormal rate accumulated 2.19% in infants aged 2.5 to 3 years.4. Astigmatism and hyperopia took up a large proportion in the refractive state in these infants in 0.5～3y. The myopia prevalence was low. In refractive error from 0.5 to 3 years old children, the ratio of astigmatism was 74.5%, the ratio of simple hyperopic was 23.6%, the ratio of simple myopia was 1.9%.5. The proportion of astigmatism was on the increase as they grew older within-0.5～-1.0DC, but the proportion of astigmatism gradually declined when the value of astigmatism exceeded -1.0 DC.-0.5DC to-1.0DC made up 70.7% of the astigmatic eyes,-1.0DC to-2.0DC 24.9%,>-2.0DC 4.4%。6. Most children had with-rule astigmatism (67.5%). Indirect astigmatism 21.4%, and oblique astigmatism 11.1%.The proportion of against-the-rule astigmatism gradually declined from 1.5y, the proportion of with-rule astigmatism rose gradually.7. The proportion of simple myopic astigmatism of males and females had statistically significant difference (X2=21.414, P=0.000<0.01). The proportion of simple hyperopic of males and females had statistically significant difference (X2=5.083, P=0.024<0.05).8. The compound hyperopia astigmatism was the highest incidence in the various types of the astigmatic eyes, the mixed astigmatism was the second, including males 3766 eyes and females 3234 eyes. The proportion of compound hyperopia astigmatism of boys and girls had statistically significant difference (X2=4.869, P=0.027<0.05).9. Astigmatism axis:With-the-rule astigmatism was the majority and accounted for 67.63%(males) and 67.29% (females), indirect astigmatism was the second, oblique astigmatism was the last. The proportion of With-the-rule astigmatism, indirect astigmatism and oblique astigmatism of males and females did not have statistically significant difference (P>0.05).10. Heredity might be associated with the prevalence of astigmatism. The regression linear equation between astigmatism (Y) and genetics (X) was Y=X* (-0.015)+ (-0.743).Sex, prematurity history, oxygen hi story of infants and eye-position were not closely related to the occurrence of the prevalence of astigmatism. (P=0.471,0.332,0.348, 0.383>0.05).Conclusion 1. The scope, cylinder and equivalent of the infants aged 0.5 to 3 years show a trend of decline with age.2. The rate of refractive error of the infants aged 0.5 to 3 years decreases with age.3. The rate of health care and the abnormal rate of spherical diopter and cylinder diopter of infants aged 0.5 to 3 years show a trend of decline with age.4. Astigmatism and hyperopia of infants aged 0.5 to 3 years are still the majority of refractive error and the incidence of myopia is low. 5. The higher Astigmatism of infants aged 0.5 to 3 years is, the lower of the proportion. The proportion of astigmatism within-0.5～-1. ODC is the highest.6. Most children aged 0.5 to 3 years have with-rule astigmatism. Indirect astigmatism is the second, and oblique astigmatism is the last. The proportion of against-the-rule astigmatism gradually declines from 1.5y, the proportion of with-rule astigmatism rises gradually.7. The compound hyperopia astigmatism is the highest incidence in the various types of the astigmatic eyes, the mixed astigmatism is the second. The proportion of compound hyperopia astigmatism of boys and girls have statistically significant difference (P<0.05).8. Astigmatism axis:With-the-rule astigmatism of males and females is the majority. Indirect astigmatism is the second, oblique astigmatism is the last.9. Heredity is associated with the prevalence of astigmatism (P<0.05).10. MOPTIM is a very convenient, quick and practical method for infants’aged 0.5 to 3 years refractive status screening. It is suitable for popularization and application in pediatric eye care. |
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