The Expression And Clinical Significance Of Transcription Factors OCT4and SOX2in Solar Keratosis

Objective:Solar Keratosis(SK) is also called ActinicKeratosis(AK) or Elderly Keratosis.SK often occur in the middle-aged andaged people who are irradiated with ultraviolet rays for long-term.Radioactiveheat、ionizing radiation and contacting the asphalt、coal derived products all caninduce this disease.SK is a kind of precancerous damage which is caused bysun damage skin, and it can develop to Squamous Cell Carcinoma（SCC）.Tumor is known as a stem cell diseas now. When ranscription factors OCT4and SOX2are the specific biomarkers of tumor stem cells.In recent years,research shows that OCT4and SOX2are found to express in stem cells andtumor of various tissues. Therefore, in this study, we employedimmunohistochemistry to investigate the expression and correlation of OCT4and SOX2in normal skin、SK and SCC and in order to identify the SK andSCC and provide theoretical and practical basis of transfer risk and prognosis.Method:The collection of30cases of SK patients and30cases of SCC patientsand30cases of normal skin tissue as controls，were confirmed by HE stainingfor them from our hospital in2010-2013. These specimens were divided intothree groups: the normal group、the SK group and the SCC group, which wereexamined by EliVisionTMplus Immunohistochemistry to detect expression andintensity of OCT4、 SOX2and analyze their possible relationship andsignificance in skin cancer occurrence and progress. All of the statisticsprocessing was conducted by the SPSS for windows version17.0. Thecomparisons of rates were analyzed by chi-square test while the correlations of both factors were examined by the Pearson correlation analysis. Results:1.Theexpression of OCT4in the three groups of skin tissue samples: Cytoplasm ispositive staied in immunohistochemistry of OCT4protein. The positiveexpression rates of OCT4in N group、SK group and SCC group separatelyare6.67%、53.33%and83.33%and they are increasing gradually.The positiveexpression rates of OCT4in SK group and SCC group are significantly higherthan that in N group(P＜0.05). Tthe rate in SCC group is also higher than it inSK group and the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).2.Theexpression of SOX2in the three groups of skin tissue samples: Inimmunohistochemistry of SOX2protein is positive staied in cytoplasm andnucleus. The positive expression rates of SOX2in N group、SK group and SCCgroup separately are0%、33.33%and80.00%and they are increasing gradually.The positive expression rates of SOX2in SK group and SCC group aredramatically higher than that in N group(P＜0.05). Tthe positive rate in SCCgroup is also obviously higher than it in SK group and the difference is alsostatistically significant(P<0.05).3.It shows the expressions of OCT4and SOX2in SK and SCC are positively correlated relationship by the Pearson correlationanalysis(P=0.012＜0.05). Conclusion:1.The expression rate of OCT4andSOX2of stem cell transcription factors shows the trend of gradually increasingfrom normal skin, skin cancer precursor lesions (solar keratosis) to skin cancer(squamous cell carcinoma).2.The high expression of OCT4and the abnormalexpression of SOX2may play an important role in the occurrence, developmentand malignant transformation with precancerous lesions of skin cancer.3.Theexpression of OCT4and SOX2is positive correlation. The transcription factorsof OCT4and SOX2are involved in the occurrence mechanism of SK and the cancerous process of SCC.