The Clinical Research On The Correlation Between Pregnant Women Periodontal Disease And Preterm Low-birth Weight Neonates

Objective: This research aimed to investigate how periodontal health effected the pregnancy through performing periodontal examination of pregnant women.Buccal and periodontal condition is strongly linked with systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory system disease, digestive system disease and it also affects the outcome of pregnancy. Periodontal disease might be the outcome of these diseases and it may also make these diseases become worse. It is reported that premature can cause very high mortality rate in low weight infants. Even those survivals may also have many health problems which bring heavily economic burdens to their family as well as to the society therefore, it caused a lot of attention.In recent years, the possible relationship between periodontal disease as a chronic bacterial infectious disease and the occurrence of preterm low birth weight infants has attracted the attention of both domestic and international researchers. This research investigated the effect of periodontal diseases causing the pregnancy outcome and the correlation with the occurrence of low weight premature infants and recurrent spontaneous abortion.Methods:Chose124 pregnant women who delivered in the Hebei Baoding First Central Hospital between February 2012 and February 2014, either with premature birth(between 28~37 weeks of pregnancy) or low birth weight(weight 2500 grams or less).Before delivery, all the pregnant women were gently examined their 28 teeth except opsigenes by using periodontal probe. For every tooth, plaque index(PLI), probing depth(PD), bleeding index(BI) and calculus index(CI) from 6 locations were collected in order to calculate the clinical attachment loss(CAL).Periodontal disease can be diagnosed if PD>3 mm,CAL≥1mm. The patient’s gestational age and the infants’ birth weight were collected from tracking the patient’s hospital record.Results: 1 Comparison of the periodontal condition of preterm pregnant women: the PLI, BI, CI, PD, CAL of the 62 light weight infants were higher than those of the 62 normal weight infants. The difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05). 2 Comparison of the periodontal condition of full-term pregnant women: the PLI, BI, CI, PD,CAL of the 56 low birth weight infants were higher than those of the 56 cases of normal weight infants. The difference of BI and CI increase was statistically significant(P<0.05). 3 Comparison of the periodontal status between preterm pregnant women and full-term pregnant women: 3.1 The PLI,BI,CI,PD,CAL of the preterm pregnant women were higher than those of the full-term pregnant women, in which the difference of PLI,BI,CI was statistically significant(P<0.05). 3.2 Preterm pregnant women had 58 gingivitis patients, meanwhile, full-term pregnant women had 64 gingivitis patients.After χ2 examination,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. 3.3 Preterm pregnant women had 26 periodontitis patients,meanwhile, full- term pregnant women had 6 periodontitis patients. After χ2 examination, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). 4 The weight differences between premature and full-term infants of gingivitis patients had statistical significance(P<0.05). 5 The weight differences between premature and full-term infants of period- ontitis patients had statistical significance(P<0.05). 6 The related analysis showed that PLI, BI, PD, CAL, CI were correlated with low weight infants(r1=-0.259; r2=-0.262; r3=-0.232; r4=-0.629; r5=-0.237). Among them, when P=0.01,PLI, BI,CAL,CI were significantly correlated with neonate weight,and when P=0.05,PD was significantly correlated with neonate weight.Conclusions:1 The buccal sanitation of pregnant women during pregnancy was gener- ally poor.2 By analyzing each periodontal index, there were quite a few gingivitis patients and very few periodontitis patients in these pregnant women.3 In this research, pregnant women having preterm low weight infants had much more extensive gingivitis than normal pregnant women and had worse periodontal condition.4 In the related analysis of this research, each index was negatively correlated with neonate weight.It showed that the poorer the pregnant women’s buccal sanitation,the more severe the periodontitis and the lighter the neonate weight.It declares that periodontitis is one of the related factors that cause preterm low birth weight neonates.5 Pregnancy gingivitis is also one of the related factors that cause preterm low birth weight neonate.