Study On The Influencing Factors Of Preterm Birth And Low Birth Weight

Objective To study the general situation, environment factors, lifestyle, diseases of the preterm, the low birth weight and the full-term mothers, to understand the distribution characteristics and to explore the risk factions of both the preterm birth and the low birth weight (LBW) by questionnaire. It may render data and basic information for prevention of prematurity and LBW, and enhancing the health care measures of pregnant women.Methods Adopt a self-designed questionnaire survey to collect simultaneously epidemiologic data in those two areas in three hospitals from March2012to March2013. Mothers were given interview on the following items in the questionnaire:the general information of mothers, the general information of neonates, the informations about the living environment and the working environment of pregnant women, abnormal pregnancy and childbearing history, the informations of the pregnancy, behavior characteristics, diseases and medications and the ways of life. All the datas were described and analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression.Results1. The result of the single-factor logistic regression model analysis:reside years, living in nickel polluted area, mode of delivery, and neonatal sex etc.28suspicious risk factors may be associated with preterm birth. Using cosmetics during pregnancy, drinking in pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) etc.29suspicious risk factors may be associated with LBW.2. The result of the multiple-factors logistic regression model analysis:2.1The relationship between living environment exposure of pregnant women and preterm and LBW:Possible risk factors of preterm birth:Permanent living in those places last more than one year and less than two years (OR=1.473,95%CI:1.090,1.991); Permanent living places have pollutants of nickel (OR=1.632,95%CI:1.261,2.112); Pregnant season in spring, OR is2.167(95%CI:1.321,3.553); Living places in rural, OR is1.537(95%CI:1.178,2.004); Living environment within500meters have plants (OR=12.994.95%CI:5.628,29.999), roads(OR=4.945. 95%CI:2.381,10.269), smelters (OR=11.412,95%CI:4.642,28.053), chemical factories (OR=13.894,95%CI:5.871,32.88) and petrol stations(OR=6.423,95%CI:2.789,14.793).Possible risk factors of LBW:Permanent living in those places last more than one year and less than two years(OR=1.741,95%CI:1.203,2.519); Living places in rural, OR is1.537(OR=2.043,95%CI:1.468,2.844); Living environment within500meters have plants(OR=2.364,95%CI:1.063,5.260), smelters(OR=2.894,95%CI:1.210,6.922), chemical factories(OR=3.084,95%CI:1.269,7.492) and petrol stations (OR=2.170,95%CI:1.061,4.435).2.2The relationship between working environment exposure of pregnant women and preterm and LBW:Possible risk factors of preterm birth:Occupational exposure of chemical agents and metallic nickel, OR are1.930(95%CI:1.152,3.232) and3.391(95%CI:1.680,6.843), respectively.Possible risk factors of LBW:Occupational exposure of nickel, OR is4.643(95%CI:2.013,10.707).2.3The relationship between the general situation of neonates’patents and preterm and LBW:Possible risk factors of LBW:The mother’s age is older than35years old (OR=2.328,95%CI:1.244,4.357). The mother’s BMI is less than18.5kg/m2(OR=2.328,95%CI:1.244,4.357).The neonatal patents’nation, occupation and education have no obvious relationship with preterm birth and LBW.2.4The relationship between the behavior of neonates’patents and preterm and LBW:Possible risk factors of LBW:Drinking before pregnancy (OR=2.909,95%CI:1.042,1.726) and using cosmetics occasionally of pregnant mother (OR=1.564,95%CI:1.105,2.214) are risk factors. Active and passive smoking of neonates’parents has no obvious relationship with preterm birth and LBW.2.5The relationship about the pregnancy status, pregnancy history and childbirth history and preterm and LBW:Possible risk factors of preterm birth:the number of abortion is more than one times (OR=1.324,95%CI:1.027,1.708); the number of pregnancy is more than one times(OR=2.023,95%CI:1.293,3.165); The mode of delivery is caesarean section (OR=1.860,95%CI:1.439,2.403); Neonates’gender is a boy(OR=1.341,95%CI:1.042,1.726).Possible risk factors of LBW:the number of abortion is more than one times (OR=1.324,95%CI:1.027,1.708); The mode of delivery is caesarean section (OR=1.860,95%CI:1.439,2.403); Neonatesgender is a boy (OR=1.341,95%CI:1.042,1.726).2.6Taking folic acid during pregnancy The neonates’mothers taking folic acid during pregnancy is a protective factors (OR=0.646,95%CI:0.480,0.868).Conclusion1. Living in the environmental pollution area of nickel is a risk factor of preterm birth.2. Neonatal maternal exposure of nickel during working environment is a risk factor of both preterm birth and LBW.3. The living environment, the working environment, the life behavior etc. are controllable factors. Adopting the corresponding preventive measures enhance and promote pregnancy health care for women of childbearing age and pregnant women to reduce the number of preterm birth and LBW, and improve the quality of population.