Spacial And Environmental Research Of Han Buddhist Temples In Shenyang

As a part of the historical and cultural heritage of Shenyang,Han Buddhist tenples are of high historical, cultural and artistic value. The research purpose is to excavate and systemize the history and status of the Han Buddhist temples in Shenyang, through which to add the in-depth cultural information to this historical and cultural city and arouse people’s historical memory which has been gradually forgotten, and eventually to re-understand Han Buddhist temples in Shenyang as a whole. Focused on six Han Buddhist temples in Shenyang, the author conducted investigating and researching, mapping and photographing, and studied the site and surrounding, layout, function division, spatial ratio, orientations, building types and dimension scales of the six temples, and compared these data with those of the Han Buddhist temples in Beijing, Shanxi and Henan, by which means to find their similarities and differences in terms of landscape architecture piece, architectural color, greening, sound environment, wind environment and light environment were analyzed and summarized, in order to provide relevant references for the protection, restoration and re-construction for Shenyang Han Buddhist temples in the future.Information collection, investigating and researching, analysis and summarizing and software models methods were used together in this paper to study Han Buddhist temples in Shenyang. The study concluded that there are three types of temple site surroundings:one is the downtown area of the city, one is suburban areas of the city, the other is the wooded mountains; the planning layouts of the temples generally have longitudinal axes, and there are always courtyards formed by the surrounded buildings, and the number of the yards is generally two or three; there is a certain proportion range between the height of the Main Hall and the temple’s depth, the proportional relationship between King Hall and Main Hall is linked with the royal architecture; the function zone are divided into lead-in areas, religious areas and living areas; there are two kinds of temple orientations, facing towards the south traditionally or taking the east according to Fengshui theories; in terms of temple Buddha hall, building type includes attics, pavilions, halls, porches, drama stages, towers, doors, arches etc; in terms of visual environment, the landscape architecture pieces are rich and varied, such as monuments, censers, Jing Chuang, plaques and stone lions etc; there are few green plant species, and the planting configuration is in the form of row planting, pair planting, solitary planting and clump planting; building are primarily in red and gray colors; in terms of the acoustic environment, there are still some problems need to be improved that the present situation of acoustic environment inside and outside the temples; in terms of wind environment, the sensors are generally placed in the places where there are a smaller wind speed, while toilets are located in ventilated places within the temples; in terms of luminous environment, courtyards of King Hall and Main Hall usually get plenty of sunlight, trees are planted in the area where the sun is relatively more.In brief, the attention and study on the extant Han Buddhist temples in Shenyang which are important resources for this historical and cultural city, has an important practical significance. It can not only perfect the content of the temples in theory, but also provide a reference for protection and utilization which also can be considered as a renewal of Shenyang’s history and culture in reality. And also the author hopes that this article may have some practical significance in attracting more experts and scholars to re-examine the Han Buddhist temples’ value in society.