| South Korea is the country of a long history and profound native culture. It has its own history of changes for Jizi Korean Era, Weiman Korean Era, Anterior Three Kingdoms Era, Kingdom of Xinluo, Post Three Kingdoms Era, Korea Dynasty Era, Korean Dynasty Era from Jizi Korean in around1122BC to the Republic of Korea established.As one of the most influential religions, Buddhism of South Korea plays vital role in the profound native culture. As the important neighbour, China makes a great tribute to South Korea in the cultural input, political system and other aspects. Buddhism has been always tie between the the cultural exchange in the two countries. Different dynasties official records and the Buddhist Tripitaka have preserved a lot of historical data about Xinluo, Korea and other countries of Buddhism. After Indian Buddhism completed the localization in china, Chinese Buddhism was introduced into Korea in about372AD which last more than1500years. During the1500years, it experienced periods of the Three Kingdoms era (Goguryeo, Baekje, Xinluo), Xinluo Dynasties in which Buddhism and Confucianism was coexistented, Korea Dynasty in which Buddhism was extremely advocated and Korean Dynasty in which Buddhism was well developed but Confucianism was inhibited. La the long period, Buddhism has always been closely related with the politics, economy, culture and people’s life in South Korean which was the main component in traditional culture and national spirit of the Korean.Because of advocating on Buddhism in the society, its corresponding architecture emerges as the times require. Subsequently it was developed into the Buddhist temples, Buddhist yard and temple landscape architecture with a certain structure and characteristics, monasteries, Buddhist temple garden. With the change of times and the fast development of the science and culture, the blending of the foreign religion and the local traditional culture derived a new local temples and cultural connotation.As one of three most famerous temple in Korea, Tongdo Temple enjoys a high reputation and wins value.Due to the deep origin between the creator and Chinese Buddhism, it enables the study of tongdosa becoming of a certain basis and reference on Korean Buddhist temple garden history,. It is undoubtedly of great value in the historical choroid and Buddhism cultural exchange between the Chinese and Korean history on the study of structure,spatial changing patterns, the various historical and cultural causes to the pattern in Korean Buddhist history.This Master degree thesis is mainly to study the cultural communication between the Chinese and Korean making the Tongdosa as a medium bining with the history of Chinese Buddhism, the Korean Buddhist history, communication between Chinese and Korean traditional culture, the origin of Chinese temple garden, the historical development stage and characteristics of Buddhist temples, the historical features in the development of related theories and literature in South Korea, Besides, there are also some detailed analysis and researches such as during the three main construction history phase the Tongdo Temple’s space integral appearance, diange construction, the spread of Buddhism and social status, and even Chinese Buddhist culture and impact of such aspects of a more detailed analysis and research. The main research contents and results include the following:1.Buddhism spread from Indian to China on about the early Eastern Han Dynasty, after the introduction of new religion with Chinese unique ideology, ethnic relations, cultural arts, customs and integration resulted in a completely culture system and unique Buddhist which is different from the native Indian Buddhism and has its unique cultural system. It is the best proof that the Chinese Buddhism sect is schismes from the Tang Dynasty.2.With promotion of the Indian Buddhism with Chinese Characteristics process, Chinese Buddhist temples gradually evoluted from mimicking the Indian style of temples to making the Chinese temple according to construction of the Buddhist culture system. The spatial pattern of monastery changed greatly and the temple mode is shaped until the late Qing Dynasty,.3.Chinese Buddhism was introduced into Korean Peninsula around372ad and made profound influences on the native culture and politics. Especially the eight sects of Chinese Buddhism was formed new sects of Korean Buddhism and South Korea localization system with local characteristics process.4.In order to study Korean Buddhism system and the space typical temple correspondingly, I chose the Tongdo Temple which was the one of the three famerous Korean temples based on the three construction periods to contrast and analysis. The conclusion was obtained that the relationship among the buddist hall, pavilions space of temple and the political and cultural background of China and Korea and the spread of Buddhism, Buddhist sects. In addition, a combination of various period diange distribution obtained the construction of buddist hall and distribution during the three historical periods of Tongdo Temple.And also obtained the changes of the mode of space center:the tower as the center of the temple—tower and buddist hall as the center of the temple—buddist hall as the center of the temple. On the other hand, make a further demonstration the causal relationship of the space composition characteristics of the temple with the period of cultural historical background. Taking a wide view of the origin and history of the Chinese temple garden, distribution of temple is formed by Indian temple imitation to the Chinese courtyard-type. To a certain extent, Tongdo Temple of Korea is also consistent with the laws of development.5.Accroding to the further analysis that the space characteristics of Tongdo Temple of Korea in different periods of, it will be a far-reaching influence and important significance on ancient cultural exchange history to understand the cultural contribution between China and Korea temple garden. |
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