A Study On Historical Evolution And Characteristics Of Disaster Prevention Space In Nanjing

With the disasters occurring frequently, urban vulnerability increasing and the speed of information dissemination accelerating, people are taking more attentions on increasing prevention, so the function of disaster-prevention in urban space are more and more protruding. No matter it is research related to disaster-prevention, or urban construction of disaster-prevention has greatly increased in recent decades. We all know that there had began the construction of disaster-prevention space since the city appeared. But the evolution of disaster-prevention space hasn’t been carded. As a part of the urban space, there is a historical and practical significance for a study on spatial prevention of disaster prevention.The study, taking Nanjing where the author live as an object of study, cards the whole spatial evolution of disaster prevention in Nanjing from the cities of Nanjing urban disaster appeared to now, so we can explore the evolution of disaster spatial characteristics. The study starts from the connotation analysis on disaster-prevention space, which is to include physical space, urban and regional structure morphology with disaster-prevention features, and the relationships something can promote the functioning of disaster prevention based on those substances. So the study builds a disaster-prevention spatial system from the perspective of four spatial scales——regional, city, community, architectural space based on the physical space. This is the spatial dimension of spatial evolution of disaster-prevention in Nanjing. Then the study combs the urban development in Nanjing, divided on four stages——the appearing of city, the ancient city development, the modern urban development and the contemporary urban development. This is the time dimension of spatial evolution of disaster-prevention in Nanjing. Subsequently, the study reviews the Nanjing disasters, and sums up four disasters which affect the city most deeply are earthquakes, floods, fires and the ravages of war. These four disaster response to disaster as the main species studied. Thus, the study analyzes the urban disaster-prevention space in Nanjing for the four disasters, from the four levels of spatial dimensions and four levels of the time dimension. So the evolution characteristics are:at the regional level, the city gradually fixed address, regional disaster to a conscious direction; at the city level, the isolated space toward prevention system, from simple to complex; at the community level, to isolate the system from disaster space, increasing refuge space; at the building level, focusing on structural safety and fire protection capability, disaster spatial refinement, strict development. Finally, the study analyzes the influencing factors of disaster spatial evolution, development direction and spatial evolution of Nanjing disaster reference space for the construction of modern urban disaster prevention in the future.