Late Qing Li Pure Gold Class Art Research Mathematician And Mathematics

LI Liu was born in Zhejiang Province in1839,and died in1901.He styled himself Langqing or Zhuonu.His profile name is Shixuan.His alternative name is Yinjushi.He was a Tribute in the twenty-eighth year of Emperor Guangxu(1894).LI Liu has a large stock of information, what’s more, he versed in the Classics and History.He has a good command of Mathematic, especially proficients in Tianyuan, and said "I had been concentrated on studying Tianyuan thirty years to through its subtleties". LI Liu was a mathematician of the late Qing Dynasty. He once been a mathematic teacher at Long Shan College which in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province for many years,also privated school tuition at home, and a lot of people followed him to learn. LI Liu’s mathematical works named Yan Yuan Hai Jian,also known as Zhong Xiu An Zi Xue Suan Xue, twelve species of eighteen volumes in total.Includes Ce Yuan Hai Jing Fa Bi one volume,Si Yuan Yu Jian Xing Bi two volumes,Hai Dao Suan Jing Wei Bi one volume,Liang Cang Tong Fa Jiao Bi one volume,Suan Xue Qi Ti Xue Bi one volume, Long Shan Mathematical School Exercise two volumes, Shi Jing Mathematical School Exercise three volumes,Suo Wei Mathematical Test Papers one volume,Gou Gu Jie Jue one volume,Ru Ji Zheng Gui one volume, Dui Shu Ding1v one volume. and Yuan Xue Shi Li three volumes.Long Shan Mathematical School Exercise all between1874with1877.It was divided into two volumes, for a total of sixty-eightquestions, one hundred thirty-one grass. It involves mainly Gougu Xing, general triangle, circle, ball, square root, the proportion of bad points, and so on Topics of Gou Guxing is most,including solution Gou Guxing, the Pythagorean capacity radius and Pythagorean cyclometry. The solution of Gou Guxing problems applys the law of sines. Followed by the round number of questions. The solution of "the round seven equilateral "and "sub-arc through chord entitled" two questions for LI Liu transcend.LI Liu gave a different approach with Shu LI Jing Yun.Shi Jing Mathematical School Exercise was divided into three volumes, for a total of one hundred and six questions, one hundred forty-two grass.The content of Shi Jing Mathematical School Exercise is more richer than Long Shan Mathematical School Exercise with conic equation, stacking, calculus and astronomical calendar.Which Gou Guxing part of the number of questions still top, including solution Gou Guxing, the Pythagorean content circles and the Pythagorean measured radius. The solution of Gou Guxing involves integer the Gou Guxing content,"the same plot with hook chord and constructed Gougu Xing" questions. Followed by the round number of questions. The solution of "the round five equilateral " question for its transcend.Which is similar to the solution of "the round seven equilateral ".Conic relates only to the oval one. Equation part of the equations in one unknown, binary, ternary and quaternary once equations are involved. Stacking section is only a problem for the a triangular fruit crib quadrature. Calculus part of all change algebraic for Tianyuan.Suo Wei Mathematical Test Papers all between1872with1896, made by LI Liu and his students.It in accordance with the time schedule,for a total of seventeen copies of fifty questions. Involves the Gou Guxing, triangle, rectangle, circle, conic geometry, bad points, Tianyuan, calculus, astronomy, calendar, and so on.Compared with the Long Shan Mathematical School Exercise and Shi Jing Mathematical School Exercise, there are many novel part in Suo Wei Mathematical Test Papers. Gou Guxing part use Tianyuan and Jiegenfang to solute Gou Guxing problems.There are the Pythagorean three things two questions.The method of proof of the Pythagorean theorem Comment questions. The round part of the sagittal capacity round. Polyhedron part of the embankment surgery Corrections question. The ball part involves the sphere cutting capacity problems to solve. In addition to the oval, conic involving parabolic and hyperbolic. There are many discourse topics such as "Zhou Zhiping deeds writings Collenction "," Chinese and Western mathematics theory" and " the number Nine Chapters mistakenly said".The contents of these three School Exercises is relatively abundant, both traditional Chinese mathematics achievement and western incoming knowledge are involved. Such as Pythagorean surgery and Conic. There are Chinese and Western mathematical knowledge compared topic,this just reflects the fusion of mathematical in late Qing Dynasty. Traditional mathematical content is always majority,the content of Western incoming knowledge gradually richer, and proportion gradually increased, but people’s minds was limited.Both Chinese and Western mathematics are elementary mathematics,belongs to the middle level. This can reflects the the case of Dynasty Mathematics Education,in late Qing Dynasty to some extent. LI Liu made more subject,and almost all types of content are involved. Through research subjects which he made, we can see LI Liu had depth research in Tianyuan. Either traditional Chinese or Western incoming content, problem-solving all approach Tianyuan method. LI Liu’s research shows that he had made an important contribution in the popularization of mathematics education, the dissemination of Chinese and Western mathematical knowledge, especially traditional Tianyuan method’s spreading in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.