The Modernization Process Of City And Architecture In Shenyang

Shenyang was not only a capital city of Qing Dynasty, but also a capital of a traditional agricultural society. In1898, Russia built Middle East Railway in the Northeast China Region. Shenyang became a station of South Manchuria branch of the Middle East Railway. Besides, it opened up South Manchuria Railway Zone. After Russo-Japanese War, Japan embezzled South Manchuria Railway and Zone in1905. The opening and construction of the independent territory has opened up the modernization progress of Shenyang city and architecture.This paper takes the following as the time nodes:construction of Middle East Railway in1898, Manchurian Incident in1931, and victory of Anti-Japanese War in1945. Moreover, it divides the modernization progress of Shenyang city and architecture from1898to1945into two periods, which is discussed in Part I and Part II.Part I discusses the modernization progress of Shenyang city and architecture during the parallel development period of the South Manchuria Railway Zone, commercial port and old city (1898-1931).With the opening up of the independent territories of the railway and the establishment of the later self-open commercial port, Shenyang has formed three relatively independent urban plates (i.e. South Manchuria Railway Zone, commercial port and old city), which are managed and built by different regimes respectively. What’s more, they present different urban forms. This paper discusses the South Manchuria Railway Zone, commercial port, old city and modernization progress of the architecture from the social background, urban management institution, construction system, urban planning, urban construction, architecture activity, etc. The basic conclusion is reached as follows:the establishment and construction of the South Manchuria Railway Zone during this period plays a demonstrative role in the modernization of the commercial port, old city and architecture; under the influence of South Manchuria Railway Zone, the local government of Shenyang has outstanding positive effect on the modern urban planning and construction independently implemented by the commercial port; under the management of the regime of Fengtian Army, the old city carried out transformation on the modern public facilities, but it did not tear down and build facilities in large scale, and well maintained the urban style of the traditional feudal capital.Part Ⅱ discusses the modernization of Shenyang city and architecture during Manchukoku period (1931-1945).During Manchurian Incident in1931, the Japanese troops embezzled Shenyang. During Manchukoku, the Japanese colonists took plundering Chinese resource and serving its aggression target as the principle, regarded Shenyang as a city of industrial center, formulated Mukden city planning and carried out few urban construction activities. During that period, the urban construction of Shenyang was focused on Tiexi industrial park, which objectively laid foundation for Shenyang as an industrial city.