Study On American Economic Penetration Of South Manchuria Railway Company And China's Response In The Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China

This paper used many primary sources like the United States Consular Records for Mukden,China,the Archival data compilation of the Republic of china,and record in Institute of modern history at Taiwan “Academia Sinica”,meanwhile,relevant theories of game logic have be utilized,to study the United States infiltrated the rights and interests of the South Manchurian Railway Company in different ways,and the countermeasures of the Chinese government and the trend of public opinion were studied,and then the reasons for the change of the way the United States infiltrated the rights and interests of the South Manchurian Railway Company and the impact on the situation in Northeast China were analyzed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,After the United States intervened in the mediation of the Russo-Japanese war and the distribution of post-war interests to balance the Japanese and Russian forces in the northeast region as far as possible,it started to plan to control the railway resources in the northeast region.And the south Manchuria railway occupied by Japan,covering the advantageous geographical position and mineral resources,is the primary goal for the United States to grab the interests in the northeast region.This paper firstly analyzes the process of the plan of the United States to directly purchase the south Manchuria railway and the implementation of the plan of "Manchurian Railway Neutrality" in the late Qing Dynasty,and studies the characteristics of the way that the United States acquired and controlled the south Manchuria railway by fighting for the right of way in the northeast,as well as the reason why the United States urgently wanted to control the south Manchuria railway.Secondly,it analyzes the plan of the United States to infiltrate South Manchuria Railway Company several times in the early years of the Republic of China by means of loan and equity investment,and probes into the reasons for the change of the way and the reasons for the frequent failures.After clarifying the various attempts of the United States to conduct economic penetration of South Manchuria Railway Company,then focusing on China's response to this strategy,especially the response of the local government in northeast China,as well as the attitude of the government,the people and the media.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,when the United States directly acquired and ran away from South ManchuriaRailway Company,Chinese government took advantage of the opportunity to put forward the strategy of United States system of Japan,in an attempt to balance South Manchuria Railway Company through the United States,and to use American capital to develop the industry in northeast China.In the early years of the Republic of China,American capitalists repeatedly showed their intention to lend money to South Manchuria Railway Company.In the face of this act of helping Japan to invade northeast China,the Chinese foreign ministry and the three northeast provinces of China assemblies strongly protested,and civil society groups also expressed their support.The Mukden provincial government also tried to draw the United States in to make a final attempt against the South Manchuria Railway Company.Whether it is direct competition or indirect economic penetration,it is a way for the United States to grab the rights and interests of South Manchuria Railway Company,but also a means to carve up the rich resources and economic interests in northeast China.This paper takes this as the starting point to analyze the strategy of the United States and the response of the Chinese side,and discusses the underlying causes and influences.