Evolution Of Modern Architectural Technology Of South Manchuria Railways

The railway is a significant carrier of modernization in Northeast China,and as a major modern architectural heritage community in Northeast China,Manchuria Railway has a unique character in construction technology.During fighting for the right to use the northeast railway among China,Japan,and Russia,the South Manchuria Railway gradually controlled the whole northeast railway network.In the vertical time-based development order,the construction technology of the Manchuria Railway has undergone three changes.In the horizontal time-based development order,Manchuria Railway took in plenty of other railway buildings and shown the transfer and integration of architectural technology.Buildings from different periods and different countries coexist and are adjacent to each other.The buildings are expanded and rebuilt frequently,and the change process is very complex,so it is difficult to distinguish from the architectural style alone.However,construction technology is the real presence of the industrial development situation in various periods.It has a distinct nature at different times.It is also a key to clarify the change process and development context of construction technology,and it can also reflect the political and economic geographical situation of its time from the side.At present,the research on construction technology of Manchuria Railway has not been a system yet,it is decentralized and fragmented,and it still needs to be in-depth in the construction flow and quantitative interpretation of techno logy.Therefore,we took the evolution of the construction technology of the Manchuria Railway as the research object.We built a full information database covering 2,701 buildings with a large number of first-hand data through a comprehensive and detailed investigation of the South Manchuria Railway,Chinese Eastern Railway,Manchukuo Railway,the loan railway.In addition,to explore the relationship between architecture and geopolitics and economy,this research not only recorded the information about the construction country,material type,structural practice,structural form,and other information of the sample but also introduced geographic latitude and longitude coordinates.At the same time,this research introduced the analysis method of archaeology,communication,and typology,and applied the Arc GIS,SPSS software to analyze the construction technology of Manchuria Railway systematically through the interpretation chain of "reasoning-inspection discussioninterpretation"Starting from the three systems of building materials,outer building envelope,and load-bearing structure system in the types of building technology,this research discusses the following four levels.First,the form types of construction technology are summarized and classified.Through sorting,comparing,and analyzing the data,the form characteristics of construction technology are summarized,the main form types and use differences of construction technology between countries are revealed,and a national identification system based on the use habits of construction technology form is constructed.Second,through the quantitative analysis of data,the change sequence and iterative relationship of various construction technology form types are clarified.Relying on the frequency analysis of construction technology,restore the evolution process of construction technology types,and build the change spectrum of construction technology.Third,through the characterization of geographical latitude and longitude data distribution,the propagation direction and propagation mode of construction technology are revealed from the perspective of communication.The sample distribution law of building technology morphology type is obtained,and a close correlation between the distribution of c onstruction technology and politics,resources,and climate geography is found.Fourth,based on the archaeological physical evidence and following the multiple technical clues such as block specification,material texture,and reinforcement binding method,this study traces the source of the "standard" technical form type one by one,discusses the similarities and differences between "prototype" and "evolution," restores the transfer process and transmission path of architectural technology,and explains the globalization of the construction technology of Manchurian Railway.Finally,the evolution characteristics,propagation mode,and external constraints of building technology evolution are summarized.